CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

We will have to wait for Dr. Lavelle's email/ an update from our TA's

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

Ka is for acids and Kb is for bases

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

If your TA doesn't say anything, you should email them a picture of it just to be safe.

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

The electrode is a sold metal conductor that allows e- flow in the galvanic cell. We use Pt because it is an inert metal. Some redox half rxns don't have solid metals involved (X2+ + e- --> X+), so we must add Pt to allow e- transfer from the anode to the cathode

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

If rR --> pP, then Q is the ([P]^p)/([R]/^r) at any given time of the rxn; Q is different from Kc, the equilibrium constant; Q can be found with concentrations or partial pressures

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

you can find n after balancing the half rxns. the number of e- should cancel out and that number = n

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

E(cell) = E(cathode) - E(anode); since we want E(cell) > 0, E(cathode) > E(anode)

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

diamond --> graphite has a very very large activation energy

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

only the second part of thermodynamics and electrochem:)

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

commas are for if they are in the same phase

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

the oxidizing agent gets reduced and the reducing agent gets oxidized

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

you can try to find the half rxns

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

test 2 was moved to wk 9 :)

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

If you are given the pH, that is the pH when the reaction is at equilibrium

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

OIL RIG:
Oxidation
Is
Losing e-

Reduction
Is
Gaining e-

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

you can usually use commonly known oxidation numbers to solve for the remaining unknown oxidation numbers.

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

G knot is under standard conditions

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

use an ice table with [HA] = 0.10 M as HA's initial concentration

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

usually 8 questions; 120 points

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

this is the pH at equilibrium

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

During the times of lecture on Wednesday, there are small Q&A's being run by TA's for any last minute questions

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

q=mC(delta T) ?

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

I'm pretty sure we won't have to memorize them, but it never hurts to memorize them just in case :)

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

it depends on what units are given in the problem; each R value has a different set of units

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

It would be a good idea to know the Lewis structures, but since knowing the Lewis structure was more of 14A content, even if we have to draw a Lewis structure, it shouldn't be anything too difficult

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

It depends on which C value you use

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

it depends on the units given/what they ask for

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

It's least accurate because most of the values on the table are averaged

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

requires energy > 0
releases energy < 0

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

it depends on the units of pressure given to you in the problem

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

included: (g), (aq)
not included: (l), (s)

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

you use the K value and equate it to the ice table values, then solve for x with algebra

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

The R constant differs depending on what units are used for pressure so we don't have to manually convert it

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

a table would be provided with values for the bond enthalpies

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

P = (n/V)RT = (concentration)RT

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

we only have to predict the K value at a temperature change for exo/endothermic reactions. That's all that was covered in lecture

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

solids and liquids aren't included. Only (g) and (aq)

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

if the state of matter is (s) or (l)

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

I use crash course

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

< 10^-3

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

it usually depends on the units that are given in the problem

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

show work just to be safe?

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

like K, Q is also unitless

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

as long as the problems cover "recent material"

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

If you're unsure whether a rxn has reached equilibrium, you have to use Q. If you know the K value and it matches Q, then you know that the rxn has reached equilibrium

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

K is a constant

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

For now, we just need to know the value of delta H to classify a reaction as endo/exothermic

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

Probably not. I suggest redoing hw problems or other unassigned problems from the book

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

Kw = 1.0 x 10^-14

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

K can represent both Kc and Kp. Kc is specific to a species' concentration and Kp is for a gas' partial pressure.

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

when is test 1?

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

It's the number of lone pairs present in the molecule

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

My TA said to always put it on oxygen as a rule of thumb

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

radicals only occur when there is an odd number of e-

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

you have to know the charges of the other molecules that make up the complex and the overall charge of the complex in order to figure out the oxidation number of the metal atom

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

it is cumulative

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

These are the objectives for the coordination compounds outline: - Describe coordination compounds for the transition metal ions in terms of coordination number, oxidation number, and types of ligands. • Be familiar with the rules for naming coordination compounds. • Identify the shape and draw stru...

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

I think it's just the ligands

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

It will probably be the same process as the midterm.

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

They would most likely be given to us, unless we are instructed to figure out the charge of the TM based on the TM coordinate compound given

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

A conjugate base is what is formed when an acid releases its acidic hydrogen (a proton)

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

Cl is bigger than F; F is more electronegative

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

complex containing 1 or more ligands that form a ring of atoms including the central atom

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

single bond = 1 sigma
double bond = 1 sigma + 1 pi
triple bond = 1 sigma + 2 pi

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

Everything that we covered during lecture after the midterm to (I think) Monday.

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

For a triple bond, I think of it as 1 sigma bond and then 2 pi bonds

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

lone pairs push the bonding pairs closer together

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

Usually it's given, but if it's something we should know, like a hydrocarbon combustion reaction, then we should know the products are h2o (g) + co2 (g)

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

I'd say anything that we covered in lecture from last week or the week before.

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

We probably will have to memorize/be familiar with the different shapes

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

Hw is should cover recent material so probably not any section. you should just stick to the recent topics covered in class

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

put them in order of "n"; so 3d goes before 4s

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

When it says "combustion," it is implied that you must add "+ _O2" to the reactant side of the reaction

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

I would use formal charge and see which structure is more stable that way

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

We are provided a periodic table, but it wouldn't hurt to know them anyways!

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

F has 7 valence e-, so it can only make 1 single bond. O has 6 valence e-, so it can make a double bond or 2 separate single bonds

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

I think we would be provided values of electronegativity but we would just have to calculate electronegativity differences to determine what kind of bond 2 atoms share.

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

I think of it as

3d vs 4s
n=3 vs n=4
n=3 is in a lower energy level

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

In2S3

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

My TA said that we only have to apply the exceptions to Cr and Cu though

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

It wouldn't hurt to know it! It'll probably be very helpful

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

You can just start on any side of the atom

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

it would be easier to convert to meters first as the equations use m and not pm or nm

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

I'm not sure, but it's a good skill to have in case. There's a section about it in the Fundamentals section of the textbook.

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

use the noble gas before the element you are writing the configuration for

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

I think ionization NRG doesn't involve a light being shined on the element and the photoelectric effect does?

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

you can try just thinking it out. like which would be stronger: microwave or UV? and just keep going until you have an order. I think for the weakest EM radiation it'll be easy to differentiate. Maybe just memorize after UV or VB light

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

electron-electron repulsion

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

I always check khan academy for videos

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

I would use M(initial) x V(initial) = M(final) x V(final) and just manipulate this formula to get what you need

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

try converting all of your given values into units that you need for each part of the De Broglie EQ:
ex:
convert 5.15 oz into kg
convert 92 mph into m/s

from there, you should be able to multiply the mass of the baseball times the velocity and get the momentum
then plug it into wavelength = h/P

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

because a diffraction pattern is observed, the neutron also has wave-like properties

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

Usually, you are given the molar mass of the molecular formula. You would have to divide: (molar mass of molecular formula)/(molar mass of empirical formula). You should end up with a whole number as the result. You then multiply that number to the subscripts of the compound, resulting in the molecu...

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

My TA told us that we would be provided with a periodic table with those values

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

I suggest solving the problem first, which ever way is easiest for you. Then convert the units (if needed) to either fit what's being asked in the question, or if units aren't specified in the question, just convert the units into whatever is easiest to read.

Jasmine Vallarta 2L

From my understanding, no graphing calculators or any calculator that you can program or put notes into. I guess a scientific calculator or even a 4 function calculator if you're brave enough, haha.

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