CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Kaylee Clarke 1G

the Arrhenius equation is used to find the effect that changing of temperature in a reaction has on the rate constant

Kaylee Clarke 1G

n is referring the electrons transferred after balancing the half-reaction!

Kaylee Clarke 1G

I don't believe that we need to know how to derive the equations. the equations that are important should be on the formula sheet but will not be individually labelled.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

what is important to know about the environment, ozone, etc for the final?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

referring to the aforementioned appearance/disappearance of substances, are you referring to intermediate substances? if not, what are the substances?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

k prime refers to the reverse reaction while k refers to the forward reaction!

Kaylee Clarke 1G

so an anode, because it is losing electrons, is dissolving in solution?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

how do you identify a zero order reaction?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

what of the elements such as platinum that seem to be attached to a cell diagram?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

how would you explain the relationship between cell potential and work in words? and, for cell potential and free energy?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

what makes a property intensive or extensive?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

in the outline, it mentions an electrochemical series. what is that referring to?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

what is electromotive force?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

why is reaction free energy dependent on pressure and the equilibrium constant?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

how ∆S is related to ∆H for a change at constant temperature and pressure?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

what exactly is the third law of thermodynamics ?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

when you are writing a cell diagram like they have you do in the homework, when do you know that a molecule is in the same solution? and whenever it is in the same solution, it is written with the commas rather than the (|) and includes a inert gas correct?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

when do you include an inert gas in the cell diagram? and why is it only for one side (cathode or anode) or on both the cathode and anode?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

there is an equation for E cell to solve but there will be information to find the variables in the equation.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

how can you tell when a metal can be dissolved in solution?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

the difference in acid or basic solutions is based on whether the situation calls for oxidation or reduction. In the case of reduction, the product will include a H+ but for oxidation it is OH-. the acronym OILRIG helps. oxidation is losing and reduction is gaining

Kaylee Clarke 1G

adding an inert gas does not change the equilibrium constant for a system, but it will affect the pressure

Kaylee Clarke 1G

I don't believe it is necessary to understand how to derive for the equation.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

n is the number of electrons transferred

Kaylee Clarke 1G

what is an adiabatic process?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

what does the n subscript represent in degeneracy? I have seen it as Avogadro's number or as the amount of moles..

Kaylee Clarke 1G

based on the lecture notes I have, the change in entropy equations from degeneracy and volume seem to be equivalent. ∆S= kbln(W2/W1) and ∆S= kbln(V2/V1) is what I have written... is this true?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

What exactly is the equipartition theorem? and how do you apply the corresponding constants properly?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Is heat capacity an extensive property and if so, why? Also, is specific heat capacity an intensive property and if so, why?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

when you are expanding a gaseous mixture, what is an indication of which side of the reaction is favored? What is the role of the amount of moles in the reactant and product side?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

what happens to K when you reverse a reaction?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

when using hess's law and cancelling out the data, does it matter if a molecule is on the product or reactant side to cancel with another? I know that they must have the same moles to cancel, but do they have to be on opposite sides of the reaction equation?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

ideal gases are for the purpose of creating a problem, gases are usually non ideal

Kaylee Clarke 1G

the system is were the chemical reaction would usually occur. I don't recall Professor Lavelle mentioning needing to memorize systems and surroundings.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Lewis acids donate a proton (Hplus) and Lewis bases accept a proton.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

expansion work is done on its surroundings, and is affected by external pressure. but, non-expansion work occurs in a closed system without outside influence

Kaylee Clarke 1G

steam causes burns because there is a phase change of water as it makes contact with your skin, which causes a greater release of energy than boiling water that has a constant energy

Kaylee Clarke 1G

the different in the sign values is a result of the action that occurs. so, for exothermic, since it releases heat, it will be negative. and because endothermic absorbs heat, it will be positive.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

There are a small amount of strong acids and bases that you should have memorized. Otherwise, acids are proton donors and usually produce hydronium. Bases are proton acceptors and produce hydroxide.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Kp is used for partial pressure and Kc is for equilibrium in a general sense.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Dr.Lavelle said it is 10^-3.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Group 1/2 cations are considered spectator ions and therefore are insignificant.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

K is the reaction at equilibrium. Q is the reaction at any point. K greater than Q is a forward reaction. Q greater than K is a reverse reaction.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

I think of it like this. You want the products and reactants to be equal, hence equilibrium. So, if one side increases, the reaction shifts to the other side so that it may find equilibrium again.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

I went to Lyndons workshop and he said because the values are very similar that either should be okay. Just to be consistent with the values throughout the problem.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

K is the reaction at equilibrium and Q occurs at any point in the reaction. When q<K, it is a forward reaction and the opposite is a reverse reaction.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

K is indicative of equilibrium and can be used with many subscripts. So, K can be applied to many equilibrium forms but Kc is simply the equilibrium constant.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Because the value of x considerably small, I believe that the coefficient is insignificant because it has little effect on the value of x.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

The scale of pH is 0 to 14. Anything below 7 is acidic and anything above is basic. 7 is neutral. These numbers can be obtained through the use of molarity in the pH=-log(x) formula

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Anything equal to or less than 10^-3 is considered by Lavelle as small.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

The strong acids have a lower pH because they fully dissociate and have a lower hydronium concentration. Weak acids are the opposite.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

what is the difference of units in bars vs atm? which should we be using for solving problems?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

I am confused about the exact function of the K constant value. Does K represent equilibrium in a general sense and then from there the subscript represents the type of equilibrium we are trying to acquire?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

what is the significance acid rain? what was said in the lecture about it?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

im still a little confused about dipole dipole moments and I was confirm that this information is correct. dipole dipole moments occur when the partial charge does not cancel and only the same elements can cancel one another.. but that is also affects by molecular geometry because if the lone pair p...

Kaylee Clarke 1G

how do you apply the atomic spectrum to a problem in real life situations like they have done in the textbook?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

what are things of biological significance that we should know for the final?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

what is the formal for finding the Roman numeral for a coordination compound name?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

what is the formal for finding the Roman numeral for a coordination compound name?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

for K(a), I understand the it is the product/ [reactant][reactant]. but where does the numerical value come from? how do you use the equation to find the numerical value?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

do London dispersion forces have high polarizability?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Molarity of an acid and base is the same as molarity of any solution, which we learned about in the beginning of the quarter. It is simply the number of moles of solute divided by the total volume of the solution. However, for acids and bases specifically, we need to know how normal molarity relate...

Kaylee Clarke 1G

how do you find the molarity of an acid or base? is molarity what is used to find the pH, and resulting pOH?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

seesaw has 5 regions of electron density with one lone pair and four bonded pairs

Kaylee Clarke 1G

it is not a part of the hydride orbital so you would not include it in the hybridized orbital

Kaylee Clarke 1G

T-shape is with five regions of electron density, 2 lone pairs and 3 bonding pairs

Kaylee Clarke 1G

just writing the X and the E is good enough

Kaylee Clarke 1G

when can a hydrogen bond occur?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

you should know the common ones because they will not ne given

Kaylee Clarke 1G

A compound seems to be bent when there is a lone pair on the central atom because the lone pair repulse the bonding pairs and sightly displace them.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

the periodic trend of electronegativity is increasing up and to the right of the PT

Kaylee Clarke 1G

In the shapes without lone pairs, the angles are fairly simple; usually the 360 divided by the amount of elements bonding.. when there is a lone pair on the central atom, that changes. The angles of the structures will vary as a result of the new high electron density region

Kaylee Clarke 1G

lone pairs have the highest repulsion, then lone-bonding, and bonding-bonding have the lowest repulsion

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Dipole moments display the polarity of a molecule; when one element has a greater charger, than the others, it is most polar and is a dipole moment.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

the periodic table trend of electronegativity is increasing up and to the right

Kaylee Clarke 1G

expanded octets occur in period 3 and below but they are most common in phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

a dipole moment occurs when a electron has a higher charger and so that electron is favored over another

Kaylee Clarke 1G

how does wavelength and frequency affect the speed of electromagnetic radiation?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

any above 10^-15 m has wavelike properties

Kaylee Clarke 1G

N is the energy level (in discrete numbers)
l is the subshell that can be N-1 or less
Ml is the orientation and is from -l to l
Ms is the electron and is +/- 1/2

Kaylee Clarke 1G

double bonds are shorter than single bonds, and triple bonds are shorter than single bonds because the greater number fo the bond the more closely is it attracted to the nucleus, decreasing the atomic radius.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

You calculate formal charge to calculate the charge of the electron for resonance structures which will lead you to the most stable atom.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

yes.. also just to note the electron configuration of chromium and copper are exceptions to the regular configuration. Chromium is [Ar]3d^54s^1 and Copper is [Ar]3d^104s^1

Kaylee Clarke 1G

why is the double bond length shorter than the single bond length? And, if it follows the pattern, is the triple bond shorter than both?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Can someone please explain the concept of ionization? How do you know that ionization energy is based off the period table?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

'Delocalized' electrons are electrons that have more fluidity in the atom because they are not bonded and are in different positions in a set of resonance structures.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Resonance is the blending of structures, portraying the arrangement of atoms with different arrangements of electrons. From the different arrangements, the resonance represents the most stable structure and yes the most accurate lewis structure.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Dr. Lavelle didn't mention us needing to know bond lengths. We just need to understand that the length of a single bond will not be equal to that of a double bond, and that resonance will portray that blending of structures with said bonds.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

the work function is the representation of the energy it takes to eject electrons from a metal and it is found with the equation E=hv.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

De Broglie's Equation is used to find wavelength, and the equation is H/(mass x velocity) so you are finding wavelike properties

Kaylee Clarke 1G

unless it is specified, it is unlikely that we have to memorize any for now

Kaylee Clarke 1G

delta p is the change in momentum, it can be calculated by multiplying mass and velocity

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Can someone offer a more detailed explanation of the Balmer series and Lyman series?

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Constructive interference are in-phases, in which the waves have matching peaks and troughs. Destructive interference are out-of-phase, in which the waves' peak will align with the trough. Diffraction is the result of interacting waves, when the peaks and troughs or peaks and peaks align with one an...

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Precision has more to be with consistency in one area, even if not the bullseye as Professor Lavelle discussed, and accuracy is about the reaching the goal, or bullseye.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Shorter wavelengths have higher frequencies, which means more energy to eject electron.. which is why the electrons are reactive to short wavelengths. And, the wavelength is not effected by the intensity of the light source, so there will not be more energy in the photons.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

De Broglie's equation is used to find wavelength.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

Is light the compilation of photons? What is their relationship to one another? I need clarification....

Kaylee Clarke 1G

I would recommend using the entire number to begin with so you have the most accurate answer and then when you have the solution you can use sig figs to decide where to round.

Kaylee Clarke 1G

When finding the limiting reaction, where does the molar ratio come into play? Limiting reactants are a topic I’m struggling to grasp. Is there a ste by step way to go about solving the problems?

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