CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Asha Agarwal 1E

Catalysis is when the rate of a reaction is increased by decreasing the necessary activation energy of a reaction through the use of a catalyst such as an enzyme.

Asha Agarwal 1E

The rate of a first order reaction depends only on the concentration of one reactant. However, the rate of a second order reaction depends on the concentration of two reactants to the first power or one reactant to the 2nd power.

Asha Agarwal 1E

The Boltzmann Distribution shows the distribution of the energy of particles based on their temperature. Similarly, the Arrhenius equation gives the rate of a reaction in terms of its activation energy and temperature. Both show the relationship between activation energy/kinetic energy and temperatu...

Asha Agarwal 1E

You have to as balancing in a basic solution requires the same steps as balancing in an acidic solution, however, at the end you have to neutralize the H+ with OH- for a basic solution.

Asha Agarwal 1E

Absorption is when something takes in something else like a sponge absorbing water. Adsorption on the other hand is when a reactant sits on the surface of a catalyst.

Asha Agarwal 1E

Gibbs free energy is the energy available to do work or the useable energy.

Asha Agarwal 1E

Yes, by comparing equations with rates and concentrations for different experiments as we did in class you can find the exponents for the differential rate laws and the exponent directly corresponds to the order of the reaction.

Asha Agarwal 1E

While the outside system is absorbing the heat (+q, you are looking at the system itself, not the surroundings meaning the heat released
into the system is -q of the surroundings.

Asha Agarwal 1E

If an enzyme is saturated, the rate will not change no matter how much substrate is added since the enzyme is already fully reacting and being used.

Asha Agarwal 1E

An Elementary reaction is a single step reaction.

Asha Agarwal 1E

The salt bridge neutralizes the cell so there is no longer buildup of charges. This allows the battery to last for longer as the flow of electrons can continue.

Asha Agarwal 1E

Since the anode is the reaction being oxidized, the electrons flow from the anode side to the cathode side, leaving behind positive ions on the anode side and more electrons (more negative charge) on the cathode side.

Asha Agarwal 1E

The anode is the half-reaction being oxidized and the cathode is the half-reaction being reduced.

Asha Agarwal 1E

The units will just be in kJ since the units in n and F cancel in terms of moles.

Asha Agarwal 1E

The reducing agent is the species being oxidized as it reduces the other species by transferring its own electrons to something else, therefore reducing it. The oxidizing agent is very similar in terms of logic but it is the opposite.

Asha Agarwal 1E

I think they both serve the same purpose of reducing charge buildup so one is not much more effective than the other.

Asha Agarwal 1E

The anode is being degraded and product builds up at the cathode.

Asha Agarwal 1E

There are multiple ways to find E. One way is by balancing and adding together the half reactions and in that case you would need to flip the sign of one E˚. However, if you are given E˚ for each half reaction E˚ = E˚ cathode - E˚anode and in that way you simply subtract the standard cell potentials.

Asha Agarwal 1E

Both can be used there is just a necessary conversion factor required to convert from ln to log.

Asha Agarwal 1E

A Galvanic Cell relies on different metal electrodes for the flow of electrons where as concentration cells rely on different concentrations of the same metal in the electrodes to drive the flow of electrons.

Asha Agarwal 1E

This equation allows you to determine whether a reaction is endo or exergonic based on the values and signs of ∆H and ∆S.

Asha Agarwal 1E

If the reaction is at equilibrium, then Q = K, so you can substitute in K for Q and the ∆G will depend on K.

Asha Agarwal 1E

Degeneracy is the number of states possible to the power of the number of particles. Thats why you can have avogadro's number if you are looking at the degeneracy of one mole.

Asha Agarwal 1E

Redox reactions occur when electrons are transferred from one molecule to another in a chemical reaction. That is why when one species os oxidized, the other species is reduced. Reduction is when electrons are gained and oxidation is when electrons are lost.

Asha Agarwal 1E

Can someone also explain #12B? Is there a specific equation to use?

Asha Agarwal 1E

Can someone explain how to solve #11 on the practice questions? What steps do you need to take?

Asha Agarwal 1E

Since ATP hydrolysis is an exothermic and exergonic reaction, it can be coupled to endothermic reactions to provide the energy needed for the endergonic reaction to be completed in processes like cellular respiration. Because of energy coupling, it can also allow coupke reactions to have an overall ...

Asha Agarwal 1E

It is a constant volume calorimeter.

Asha Agarwal 1E

For reversible processes, the temperature remains constant while the pressure and volume change inversely to each other. In this way, the curve has pressure changing as volume changes, so the area under the curve is larger than that of an irreversible process in which external pressure stays constan...

Asha Agarwal 1E

A state property is one which is additive such as enthalpy or free energy. So, enthalpy relates to state functions as it is one as shown by Hess' Law.

Asha Agarwal 1E

An Irreversible reaction occurs when the external pressure of the surroundings and temperature remain constant and the volume of the system is changed, therefore changing the internal pressure of the system. In the case of irreversible reactions, there is no equilibrium possibility and the equation ...

Asha Agarwal 1E

Yes, the ∆H of a reaction depends on the number of moles being reacted as the ∆H represents how much heat is required or released per mole of reactant/product. However, q represents the heat required or released in a system based on the number of moles or mass in a reaction.

Asha Agarwal 1E

If there are two spaces that can be inhibited, the two particles can either both be in side 1 or both be in side two as well as one in each. The reason why it is four states and not 2 is that the side the particle inhibits matters and so there are more permutations possible.

Asha Agarwal 1E

P∆V represents the pressure of the system times the change in volume, also known as work. However, when you are looking at solids and liquids in reactions, the volume of such substances does not change by very much at all, so you can think of it as assuming ∆V goes to 0, which cancels out the entire...

Asha Agarwal 1E

When choosing a gas constant, you need to look at the units in the problem. Since you are given atm, use the gas constant 0.0821.

Asha Agarwal 1E

Entropy is a measure of disorder and is used when finding Gibb's free energy instead of just ∆H and the heat of a reaction. Entropy is used a lot in the law of thermodynamics as one of the laws says that the universe tends towards disorder and chaos, meaning a higher entropy.

Asha Agarwal 1E

The total pressure is the pressure of the entire system, whereas each gas making up the system has its own partial pressure, which makes up the total pressure. If you had a container with O2 and H2 gas is it and the partial pressure of each gas was 0.5 atm, the total pressure would be 1 atm.

Asha Agarwal 1E

Even though the temperature of the system doesn't increase in the vaporizing transition state, heat is still increasing as energy is applied to the system. So, when the steam comes in contact with your skin and condenses, all of the energy stored in the bonds gets transferred to your skin and the wa...

Asha Agarwal 1E

Not seeing a temperature change does not mean that there is no change in heat occurring. As the temperature of a system is increased, more heat is being applied and in the normal states, the temperature will increase, but when it comes to transition states, a lot of energy is required for the transi...

Asha Agarwal 1E

Bond enthalpies of diatomic molecules are completely accurate, but for all other bonds formed the bond enthalpy given is an average of all different bonds of that nature that occurred instead of the actual value for that specific bond or reaction, so there is some error, making it the least accurate.

Asha Agarwal 1E

Constant volume refers to the size of the container staying the same whereas constant pressure refers to the pressure staying the same as a result of the number of moles or volume staying the same while other factors change.

Asha Agarwal 1E

The negative change is given to the reactant when you are given an initial concentration of reactants at the beginning because the system is proceeding from there. However, if you were given products and the reverse reaction were to occur to reach equilibrium, the negative change would be with the p...

Asha Agarwal 1E

Water is in such large excess and is the liquid solvent that it is not included in the ICE table at all as it does not effect Ka.

Asha Agarwal 1E

All acids have a Ka value, but strong acids will have very large Ka values in comparison to weak acids as strong acids dissociate more.

Asha Agarwal 1E

If you have an equilibrium constant and initial concentrations, you can find the equilibrium concentrations using ICE tables and the quadratic equation. Knowing the equilibrium concentrations, you can see how much of the solute(reactants) dissociated or reacted to form the products.

Asha Agarwal 1E

Kw = Ka x Kb, so Ka and Kb are inversely proportional meaning as one increases the other decreases. This makes sense when thinking about the relative values of Ka and Kb for the strength of acids and bases as a strong acid will have a very high Ka resulting in a low Kb because it is not very basic a...

Asha Agarwal 1E

K in any form is just a ratio and so the important thing with units is just to make sure all of the values of partial pressures are of the same type (bar, toor, etc.), which will keep the ratio the same as if you had used another unit to measure partial pressure.

Asha Agarwal 1E

If you are given the equilibrium concentration of a product, you can use stoichiometry to find the corresponding amounts of reactant used, and that becomes your change.

Asha Agarwal 1E

Basically, part B is asking if everything but the amount of reactant in a container stays the same and more reactant is placed in a 1 L container, how will the partial pressure of the product, O2 change. For problems like these, it is asking how changing one piece of information can affect the resul...

Asha Agarwal 1E

When calculating the equilibrium constant and reaction quotients, they can be calculated in terms of concentrations or partial pressures regardless of reactant and product phases. Calculating the ratios uses only gases and aqueous species, so it makes sense that when calculating the equilibrium cons...

Asha Agarwal 1E

When calculating K(p) and Q(p), solids and liquids(solvents) are not included but both aqueous species and gases are included.

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