Search found 105 matches
- Wed Mar 11, 2020 2:06 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Earthquake FINAL REVIEW SESSION
- Replies: 11
- Views: 1051
Re: Earthquake FINAL REVIEW SESSION
I will attend!!! This is exactly what we need when all the other review sessions are cancelled
- Mon Mar 09, 2020 9:36 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Question on Midterm
- Replies: 4
- Views: 378
Re: Question on Midterm
I think when the question asks greater deltaT we need to assume that it is looking for the greatest reaction. 50 mL of 2 M HCl with 50 mL of 2 M NaOH is the answer because the volume is the smallest out of all the choices and the concentration for both species are the highest. In other words, they a...
- Mon Mar 09, 2020 9:01 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Pre-Equilibrium Approach
- Replies: 2
- Views: 199
Re: Pre-Equilibrium Approach
I think it will be given most of the time but if not I think we can determine the slow or fast step by: 1) Looking at the value of k. The smaller k is probably the slower step. 2) Looking at the activation energy for each step. The step with larger activation energy is the slower step. Both of these...
- Mon Mar 09, 2020 8:59 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: steady state v preeq
- Replies: 4
- Views: 351
Re: steady state v preeq
I think we can determine the slow or fast step by: 1) Looking at the value of k. The smaller k is probably the slower step. 2) Looking at the activation energy for each step. The step with larger activation energy is the slower step. Both of these can be determined by the Arrhenius equation:k = A * ...
- Mon Mar 09, 2020 6:02 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Pseudo Rate Laws
- Replies: 1
- Views: 149
Re: Pseudo Rate Laws
It means that in the reaction we are assuming all the reactants except 1 to be large excesses, and therefore, constants.
For example: A+B+C --> P
we assume B and C are large excess and so the pseudo 1st order rate law would just be kprime[A], where kprime = k[B][C]
For example: A+B+C --> P
we assume B and C are large excess and so the pseudo 1st order rate law would just be kprime[A], where kprime = k[B][C]
- Mon Mar 09, 2020 5:46 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Collisions in Unimolecular Reactions
- Replies: 2
- Views: 228
Re: Collisions in Unimolecular Reactions
Dr. Lavelle said that in unimolecular reactions the molecule does not have to collide with other molecule. The molecule can collide with the side of the beaker or with solvent that is not a part of the chemical reaction. These collision can cause bond breaking in that one molecule resulting in unimo...
- Wed Mar 04, 2020 9:37 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: cell diagram
- Replies: 1
- Views: 131
Re: cell diagram
I don't think the unit matters too much in Q because we learned that K (equilibrium constant) does not have unit. Q and K are essentially very similar where they both are the reaction constant.
- Wed Mar 04, 2020 9:26 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Standard Cell Potentials
- Replies: 1
- Views: 168
Re: Standard Cell Potentials
If the standard reduction potential is negative it means that the reverse reaction is favored, which I think it means that the reaction is spontaneous if it is oxidized.
- Wed Mar 04, 2020 5:48 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: half reaction of cell diagram
- Replies: 2
- Views: 201
Re: half reaction of cell diagram
Yes. The aqueous solution needs to be closer to the center, next to the double line slat bridge. Solid compound/element is usually put at the outermost ends of the cell diagram. Also keep in mind that cathode is usually on the right side of the cell diagram, while anode is usually on the left side.
- Wed Mar 04, 2020 5:45 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: acidic solution
- Replies: 5
- Views: 473
Re: acidic solution
In acidic solution, we usually use H+ to balance out the H in the reaction; therefore, in a cell diagram there will most likely be H+ somewhere. In alkaline solution, we usually use OH- to balance out the H2O on the opposite side; therefore, in this kind of cell diagram there will most likely have O...
- Wed Mar 04, 2020 5:41 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: oxidizing and reducing agents
- Replies: 10
- Views: 754
Re: oxidizing and reducing agents
Yes look at their oxidation states on the left and the right of the chemical reaction. I believe this is how you would usually determine whether something is oxidized or reduced.
- Thu Feb 27, 2020 2:55 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Drawing Cell Diagram
- Replies: 7
- Views: 479
Drawing Cell Diagram
When drawing cell diagram do we need to put the coefficient of the molecules? Do we put H2O?
- Thu Feb 27, 2020 2:48 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: 6K.3 part d
- Replies: 1
- Views: 131
Re: 6K.3 part d
I was confused on this question as well but I just assumed it's a typo. I assumed the reaction is Cl2(g)->HClO(aq)+Cl-(g) because the reaction given on the textbook is not balanced.
- Thu Feb 27, 2020 2:40 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 6L.5 part b
- Replies: 2
- Views: 172
Re: 6L.5 part b
My TA told us to add Pt(s) when there is no solid metal in the reaction. If there is a solid metal in the reaction given then that can be used as electrode and you wouldn't need to add Pt(s). I am not too sure though...
- Thu Feb 27, 2020 2:32 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Galvanic Cell - Favorability and oxidation number?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 263
Re: Galvanic Cell - Favorability and oxidation number?
I am not sure if you can tell by just looking at the oxidation number, but I'm sure that if a reaction is favorable/Galvanic cell, the E naught value has to be positive which means the delta G naught value is negative and the equilibrium constant is greater than 1
- Thu Feb 27, 2020 2:27 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 6N.5
- Replies: 1
- Views: 169
Re: 6N.5
The E naught value I think should be 0.27 because: The cathode is Hg2Cl2 + 2e- --> 2Hg +2Cl- (0.27V) The anode is 2H+ +2e- ---> H2 (0V) E naught = cathode (0.27V) - anode (0V) = 0.27V After using Nernst equation you should be able to find that Q is 0.009397.... since Q is (conc(H+)^2 (1)^2)/((1)^2) ...
- Thu Feb 27, 2020 2:18 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 6N7
- Replies: 1
- Views: 190
Re: 6N7
For the reaction quotient, the products go on top and in that case it would be the anode which is the left side of the cell diagram. The bottom would be the reactants, which are the cathode given in the the right side of the cell diagram. In other words, the quotient is (anode/cathode).
- Thu Feb 20, 2020 9:37 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Balancing Redox Reaction in Acidic vs. Alkaline Condition
- Replies: 3
- Views: 269
Balancing Redox Reaction in Acidic vs. Alkaline Condition
In discussion we went over balancing redox reaction in acidic vs. alkaline condition. I think my TA said something about using OH- to balance out H+ but I wasn't too sure when and how exactly do we need to do that. Thank you in advance if someone can explain briefly.
- Thu Feb 20, 2020 9:31 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Galvanic Cells
- Replies: 8
- Views: 439
Re: Galvanic Cells
Galvanic cells are essentially used to produce electric work from chemical reaction or redox reaction.
- Thu Feb 20, 2020 9:15 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: oxidizing and reducing agents
- Replies: 3
- Views: 239
Re: oxidizing and reducing agents
I think so because Cl is being both oxidized and reduced
- Thu Feb 20, 2020 9:12 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: E cell values
- Replies: 3
- Views: 257
Re: E cell values
If the E cell value is positive it means that oxidation-reduction reaction is spontaneous. If the E cell value is negative it means that the reverse reaction is spontaneous, which is reduction at anode and oxidation at cathode.
- Thu Feb 20, 2020 8:53 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Anode and Cathode
- Replies: 14
- Views: 933
Re: Anode and Cathode
The TA in my discussion said that cathodes are usually on the right and anodes are usually on the left of the salt bridge in a diagram
- Thu Feb 13, 2020 3:22 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Differences
- Replies: 6
- Views: 565
Re: Differences
In an isolated system, the reaction can't really be affected by any outside sources In an open system, the reaction can be affected by many outside sources such as heating/cooling or by add or decreasing the substances in the reaction In an closed system, the reaction can also be affect by a few out...
- Thu Feb 13, 2020 3:18 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: equilibrium concentrations
- Replies: 7
- Views: 498
Re: equilibrium concentrations
I want to say the unit would be mol/L. But the equilibrium constant wouldn't have any unit though.
- Thu Feb 13, 2020 1:55 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Delta S
- Replies: 6
- Views: 331
Re: Delta S
In reversible reaction, we were told that delta S = 0, but in reality it's the delta S total that is 0, meaning that the change in entropy of the surrounding and the change in entropy of the system is the same with opposite sign.
- Thu Feb 13, 2020 1:51 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: S vs Stotal
- Replies: 7
- Views: 504
Re: S vs Stotal
Delta S is usually referred to the change in entropy of the system. Change in entropy of the surrounding is written as delta S(sur).
Delta S total is the sum of delta S and delta S(sur)
Delta S total is the sum of delta S and delta S(sur)
- Thu Feb 13, 2020 1:47 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: grading curve
- Replies: 10
- Views: 641
Re: grading curve
Yea Dr. Lavelle doesn't curve any tests. He only adjusts the total points at the very end of the quarter.
- Wed Feb 05, 2020 10:07 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Cp and Cv
- Replies: 4
- Views: 192
Cp and Cv
Can someone explain what is Cp and Cv? What is their relationship? Are there any equation that has Cp and Cv in it?
- Wed Feb 05, 2020 9:50 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Midterm
- Replies: 7
- Views: 241
Re: Midterm
Are we expected to memorize any equations for the midterm or are they going to give all of them to us on the cover sheet?
- Wed Feb 05, 2020 9:29 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: 4.17 C
- Replies: 1
- Views: 102
Re: 4.17 C
The total number of moles in the system will be 0.045 because 0.030 mole of product 2SO3 and 0.015 mole of left over O2. Between 0.030 mole of 2SO2 and 0.030 mole of O2, we figure out that 2SO2 is the limiting reagent and O2 is the excessive. After the reaction is complete, all 0.030 mole of 2SO2 wi...
- Wed Feb 05, 2020 9:19 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: General Phase Change Calculations
- Replies: 6
- Views: 320
Re: General Phase Change Calculations
You use q=mCdeltaT when you want to find the energy it takes to raise the temperature of something from one point to another. However when the thing is undergoing phase changing we then use Hvap etc. It wouldn't make sense to use q=mCdeltaTto find the energy in phase change because the temperature i...
- Wed Feb 05, 2020 9:15 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Reversible vs. Irreversible Reactions
- Replies: 3
- Views: 200
Re: Reversible vs. Irreversible Reactions
The main difference between reversible and irreversible reactions is their speed of reaction. Reversible is very slow and therefore in this type of reaction the temperature will be constant. On the other hand, Irreversible reaction is very fast and therefore the temperature will be different from th...
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 6:53 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: energy of a system
- Replies: 4
- Views: 174
Re: energy of a system
The system loses energy by expansion because the internal energy is greater than the surroundings. To balance out the energy difference, the system will apply energy on the pistol and push it outwards, losing energy to the surroundings.
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 6:50 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Increasing energy in an open system
- Replies: 7
- Views: 234
Re: Increasing energy in an open system
Yes. You can increase the energy by:
1. Adding/removing substance
2. Heating the system
3. Doing work on the system
1. Adding/removing substance
2. Heating the system
3. Doing work on the system
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 4:50 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Deriving Equation
- Replies: 3
- Views: 98
Deriving Equation
How did Dr. Lavelle derive this equation: delta U = delta H - (P delta V)?
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 4:43 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Delta T
- Replies: 4
- Views: 1570
Re: Delta T
delta T is measuring the temperature outside of the system. While delta H is measuring in terms of the system inside. So in an exothermic reaction, delta H would be negative but delta T would be positive. And in an endothermic reaction, delta H would be positive, but delta T would be negative.
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 4:38 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Endothermic vs Exothermic
- Replies: 10
- Views: 509
Re: Endothermic vs Exothermic
Yes a +q means that the system is taking in heat therefore endothermic. a -q would mean that the system is losing heat and therefore exothermic. a +w means that the system is increasing energy by being compressed. a -w means that the system is losing energy through expansion.
- Thu Jan 23, 2020 3:39 pm
- Forum: Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases
- Topic: pKa vs pH
- Replies: 4
- Views: 219
pKa vs pH
What is the difference between pKa and pH?
- Thu Jan 23, 2020 3:35 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Ka correlation to strength of an acid
- Replies: 30
- Views: 2128
Re: Ka correlation to strength of an acid
small pKb = more basic
small pKa = more acidic
large Kb = more basic
large Ka = more acidic
small pKa = more acidic
large Kb = more basic
large Ka = more acidic
- Thu Jan 23, 2020 3:27 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Steam?
- Replies: 8
- Views: 291
Re: Steam?
Steam has a lot of energy compared to liquid water because of its high vaporization energy. Liquid water needs to obtain a lot of energy in order for it to break the bonds and change phases from liquid to gas
- Thu Jan 23, 2020 2:14 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: test 1
- Replies: 9
- Views: 363
Re: test 1
Test 1 only covers chemical equilibrium and acid and base equilibrium.
- Thu Jan 23, 2020 2:11 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Phase change of water
- Replies: 2
- Views: 87
Re: Phase change of water
Other molecules also have plateau points in between phases. I would assume the graph would look somewhat similar, but the energy it takes to change the phase would definitely be different compared to water.
- Wed Jan 15, 2020 9:02 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: ICE tables
- Replies: 9
- Views: 1435
Re: ICE tables
It does not matter which unit is given, ICE table works as long as we keep the unit the same through out the calculation. Bar or atm are usually used for pressure of a gas.
- Wed Jan 15, 2020 8:58 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: ICE tables
- Replies: 4
- Views: 104
Re: ICE tables
You use ICE table when the question asks for the equilibrium composition of the reaction system. In other words, the system given in the question is usually not at an equilibrium so the question is basically asking us to find what is the concentration of each molecules when the system is finally at ...
- Wed Jan 15, 2020 8:51 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Ka + Kb
- Replies: 6
- Views: 134
Re: Ka + Kb
Ka and Kb have an inverse proportional relationship. Ka x Kb = Kw. Kw is a constant therefore when Ka increases Kb must decrease in order to maintain the same constant value for Kw.
- Wed Jan 15, 2020 8:47 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 5I.29 Barr units
- Replies: 3
- Views: 126
Re: 5I.29 Barr units
You wouldn't need to divide the initial partial pressure with the volume as long as you keep the unit the same for all the other molecules. However, I think if the question gives you a molecule in the unit of bar and another molecule with molarity then I think you would need to convert bar into conc...
- Wed Jan 15, 2020 8:42 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 5J.11
- Replies: 4
- Views: 139
Re: 5J.11
I think the key idea is that bond is being broken during the reaction, and it takes energy (heat) to break bonds. In this case the reaction is endothermic; therefore, increasing the temperature will favor product formation.
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 2:14 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Chemical Activity of a Compound
- Replies: 5
- Views: 136
Re: Chemical Activity of a Compound
Chemical activity = activity coefficient x concentration of the compound
Equilibrium constant = Chemical activity of product / chemical activity of reactant
The units basically cancel out therefore equilibrium constant does not have unit.
Equilibrium constant = Chemical activity of product / chemical activity of reactant
The units basically cancel out therefore equilibrium constant does not have unit.
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 2:02 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Q versus K
- Replies: 4
- Views: 148
Re: Q versus K
We calculate Q and K the same way (product/reactant). However we use Q when we are unsure whether the chemical reaction is at equilibrium yet. If Q is greater than K then it means that there is still more product that need to be reacted; therefore, it is a reverse reaction going from product to reac...
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 1:56 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 5G. 3
- Replies: 5
- Views: 151
Re: 5G. 3
K alone usually works for any phases because it just means equilibrium constant unless the problem tells us to specify either Kc or Kp.
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 1:53 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Value of Kc and Kp
- Replies: 6
- Views: 177
Re: Value of Kc and Kp
Wait I don't think Kc will equal to Kp since they are technically measuring different things. One is concentration while the other is partial pressure. When I looked it up it says that Kc will not always equal to Kp. The only time Kc and Kp are going to be equal is if the number of gas molecules on ...
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 1:47 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Calculating K when there is multiple phases
- Replies: 4
- Views: 189
Re: Calculating K when there is multiple phases
I think in that case we would need to convert the gas to molar concentration using the equation: concentration= P/RT.
- Wed Dec 04, 2019 11:16 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Types of ligands
- Replies: 1
- Views: 131
Re: Types of ligands
I want to assume that it is talking about the different types of ligand dentates and chelating ligands.
- Wed Dec 04, 2019 8:02 pm
- Forum: Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases
- Topic: K constant and pK value
- Replies: 3
- Views: 180
Re: K constant and pK value
I don't think we will be asked to find the Ka and Kb because they are for weak acid and weak bases. I don't think we will be asked to find those until 14B. I'm not too sure though. Kw was never in the lecture slides, so I doubt that it will be in the exam
- Wed Dec 04, 2019 7:59 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Polydentate Potential
- Replies: 2
- Views: 210
Re: Polydentate Potential
Oxalate (C2O4 2-) can only be a bidentate because when you draw the lewis structure there are only 2 lone pairs in the molecule (one on each farthest oxygen atom). In order to be a tridentate, the ligand must have at least 3 lone pairs.
- Wed Dec 04, 2019 7:50 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Polydentate vs Monodentate
- Replies: 1
- Views: 125
Re: Polydentate vs Monodentate
I think the best way is to draw out the lewis structure of the ligands. If the molecule has 3 lone pairs then it can potentially be tridentate and if the molecule has 2 lone pairs then it can potentially be bidentate and so on. However, a thing to keep in mind is the spacing of these lone pairs. If ...
- Wed Dec 04, 2019 7:46 pm
- Forum: Identifying Acidic & Basic Salts
- Topic: KF v KBr
- Replies: 1
- Views: 361
Re: KF v KBr
KF is a salt that comes from strong base KOH and weak acid KF. When added with water, KF becomes K+ and F- and F- is not stable as an ion because of its strong electronegativity. The F- will attract the H+ from water forming OH-. On the other hand, KBr comes from strong base KOH and strong acid HBr....
- Wed Nov 27, 2019 12:50 am
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Naming Coordination Compound with Iron
- Replies: 4
- Views: 441
Naming Coordination Compound with Iron
In naming coordination compounds, why is Iron, Fe, called ferrate and not ironate if the complex has negative charge? Are there any more unique ones other than Iron?
- Wed Nov 27, 2019 12:39 am
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Naming Coordination Compound
- Replies: 5
- Views: 281
Naming Coordination Compound
When naming a coordination compound, do we put the molecule outside of the coordination sphere before or after the name?
- Wed Nov 27, 2019 12:25 am
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Ligands
- Replies: 6
- Views: 420
Ligands
Are ligands usually bases because they donate electrons to form covalent bond with the central atom?
- Wed Nov 27, 2019 12:07 am
- Forum: Lewis Acids & Bases
- Topic: Identifying Acids and Bases
- Replies: 8
- Views: 435
Identifying Acids and Bases
Is there are way to identify a strong/weak acid or base by just looking at the compound?
- Wed Nov 27, 2019 12:02 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Polarity and dipole moments
- Replies: 8
- Views: 584
Re: Polarity and dipole moments
The dipole cancels out when they are exactly opposite of each other and that they are the same atom because different atoms have different dipole force. The only way for a tetrahedral to have no dipole is when all 4 atoms are the same because based on the VSEPR model none of the atoms are points dir...
- Tue Nov 19, 2019 11:08 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Polar/nonpolar boiling point
- Replies: 2
- Views: 197
Re: Polar/nonpolar boiling point
Yes polar molecules will have higher boiling point than nonpolar molecules because polar molecule involves in dipole-dipole interaction, while nonpolar molecules involve in london dispersion. In intermolecular forces, london dispersion is weaker than dipole-dipole interaction; therefore, nonpolar mo...
- Tue Nov 19, 2019 11:04 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Bond angles
- Replies: 3
- Views: 310
Re: Bond angles
yes 180 would be present in C-C-N bond because the there are 2 electron density around the central atom with no alone pairs. The lone pairs on N would not affect the structure of the C-C-N.
- Tue Nov 19, 2019 10:57 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Instantaneous Dipole Moment
- Replies: 4
- Views: 341
Re: Instantaneous Dipole Moment
Instantaneous dipole moment happens when a polar molecule distorts the electrons in a nonpolar molecule, causing an uneven distribution of electrons which led to a temporary dipole.
- Tue Nov 19, 2019 10:50 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Ionic Bonds
- Replies: 4
- Views: 334
Re: Ionic Bonds
Ionic bond can happen between alkaline earth metals (the column next to the alkali metal) and nonmetals as well because the differences in electromagnetically between these two groups are also large enough to form ionic bonds
- Tue Nov 19, 2019 10:46 pm
- Forum: *Molecular Orbital Theory (Bond Order, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism)
- Topic: SO2 bond sigma and pi bond
- Replies: 4
- Views: 3098
Re: SO2 bond sigma and pi bond
Since there are 2 double bonds in this molecule we know that there must be 2 sigma and 2 pi bonds because double bond always consists of 1 sigma and 1 pi bond
- Thu Nov 14, 2019 2:55 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Electron Density
- Replies: 10
- Views: 602
Re: Electron Density
Yes lone pairs on central atoms are also regions of electron densities because they affect the molecular shape significantly. Lone pairs have strong repulsion that push bonds away.
- Thu Nov 14, 2019 2:50 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Polarity
- Replies: 12
- Views: 586
Re: Polarity
Another tip that I learned from my TA today was that most of the time when the central atom has lone pairs then the molecule is most likely to be polar.
- Thu Nov 14, 2019 2:45 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Interaction potential energy
- Replies: 3
- Views: 133
Re: Interaction potential energy
Interaction potential energy is always negative because it is an attractive force. The equation is [-(alpha 1)(alpha 2)]/r^6
alpha represents the polarizability of the atom or molecule and r represents the distance between the two interactive atoms or molecules.
alpha represents the polarizability of the atom or molecule and r represents the distance between the two interactive atoms or molecules.
- Thu Nov 14, 2019 2:29 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: difference between bent and angular
- Replies: 4
- Views: 230
Re: difference between bent and angular
Bent and angular refer to the same molecular shape. Those words can be used interchangeably.
- Thu Nov 14, 2019 2:23 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Dashes and Wedges
- Replies: 4
- Views: 288
Re: Dashes and Wedges
Dashes and wedges are just another way of drawing the structure of the molecule that allows us to visualize its depth and its 3D shape. I think the quiz will most likely still asks us about tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal or octahedral shapes
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 1:10 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Bond Length differences
- Replies: 2
- Views: 181
Re: Bond Length differences
I don't think the bond length difference implies the actual physical length difference. I believe the bond length suggests the strength of the bond. So triple bond does not necessarily means that it is 1/3 the length of the single bond, but rather it suggests that this kind of bond is shorter and st...
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 1:04 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Induced Dipole
- Replies: 4
- Views: 261
Re: Induced Dipole
Dipole is induced when an charged ion approaches a non-dipole atom/molecule. The charged ion will disturb the electrons of the atom causing one side to be more negative and the opposite side more positive, inducing dipole.
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 12:59 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: Polarizability of Anions
- Replies: 3
- Views: 166
Re: Polarizability of Anions
More negatively charged anions are more polarizable especially larger anions at lower periods of the periodic table, such as Iodine. The reason is because there are more electrons in the outer shell that are more likely be attracted to the positive charge of the cation.
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 12:55 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Covalent character and ionic character
- Replies: 5
- Views: 324
Re: Covalent character and ionic character
Ionic character often involves around an atom donating its electron for the other atom, while covalent character involves 2 or more atoms sharing electrons. You can tell whether a molecule has covalent bond or ionic bond by finding the difference in electronegativity of the atoms. If the difference ...
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 12:49 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Boiling Points
- Replies: 1
- Views: 92
Re: Boiling Points
All halogens exist as diatomic molecules. The inter-molecular attractions between one molecule and its neighbors are called van der Waals dispersion forces. As you move down the group, the molecule gets larger, thus more electrons to move around to form this van der waals attraction. The more attrac...
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 12:48 am
- Forum: Resonance Structures
- Topic: Why do all of the bonds have the same length regardless of double/single bonds in a resonance structure?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 312
Re: Why do all of the bonds have the same length regardless of double/single bonds in a resonance structure?
If in reality the bond length in resonance structure is the same how to people observe that triple bonds are shorter than double bonds and that double bonds are shorter than single bonds?
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 12:30 am
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Ionic and Covalent Bonds
- Replies: 6
- Views: 211
Re: Ionic and Covalent Bonds
A coordinate covalent bond is when an atom provides both electrons to another atom to complete the octet rule.
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 12:16 am
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Electrostatic Potential Energy
- Replies: 3
- Views: 112
Electrostatic Potential Energy
Do we need to know how to use this equation: ((q1)(q2))/r to calculate the electrostatic potential energy? I have not seen any of those question in the homework or from discussion sessions.
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 12:03 am
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Ionic and Covalent Bonds
- Replies: 6
- Views: 211
Re: Ionic and Covalent Bonds
Ionic bond is when an electron is fully transferred to an atom and the two atoms are linked by electrostatic forces. Covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons. Ionic bond is stronger than covalent bond.
- Wed Oct 30, 2019 11:58 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Electron Configuration of Tungsten
- Replies: 1
- Views: 148
Re: Electron Configuration of Tungsten
# 57 Lanthanum actually belongs to the d-orbital and elements 58-71 belongs to the f-orbital. That's why f-orbital can hold up to 14 electrons and Tungsten have 4 electrons in the d-orbital
- Wed Oct 30, 2019 11:34 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: What are the octet exceptions?
- Replies: 11
- Views: 479
Re: What are the octet exceptions?
P, S , and Cl are the common exceptions to the octet rule. They can hold more than 8 valence electrons because atom in period 3 or higher have d-orbital in valence shell that allows them to hold additional electrons
- Thu Oct 24, 2019 11:41 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Electron Configurations
- Replies: 5
- Views: 197
Re: Electron Configurations
Yes with Dr. Lavelle we do need to write 3d before 4s because 3d actually comes before 4s in electron configuration. 3d is in 3rd principle energy level and 4s is in 4th principle energy level. I'm not too sure about the second part of the question.
- Thu Oct 24, 2019 11:26 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Ionization Energy
- Replies: 7
- Views: 514
Re: Ionization Energy
The ionization energy to remove the second electron is always higher than removing the first because without 1 extra electron there is less electron repulsion and electrons are more attracted to the positive charge of the nucleus.
- Thu Oct 24, 2019 11:16 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Electron Configurations (p-orbital)
- Replies: 5
- Views: 200
Re: Electron Configurations (p-orbital)
During the discussion today, our TA said that it is not necessary to write px, py, pz unless it is specifically asked for in the question.
- Thu Oct 24, 2019 11:14 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Threshold Energy
- Replies: 4
- Views: 267
Re: Threshold Energy
I think the threshold energy can be calculated. I believe the equation is (E of photon) - (Threshold energy) = (Kinetic Energy) so if we rearrange the equation a little bit it will be: (Threshold energy)=(E of photon) - (Kinetic Energy). However, if the question is asking for the kinetic energy or t...
- Thu Oct 24, 2019 11:06 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: 2A.21 Ground-state Electron Configuration
- Replies: 2
- Views: 128
Re: 2A.21 Ground-state Electron Configuration
The standard electron configuration for a neutral Ag atom is [Kr] 4d^10 5s^1, not 4d^9 5s^2, because the outermost electron moves to the 4d orbital, filling it up and making the atom more stable. Therefore, the Ag cation loses its outermost electron, which is in the 5s energy level, making the elect...
- Thu Oct 17, 2019 8:39 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: the m in the de broglie equation
- Replies: 5
- Views: 140
Re: the m in the de broglie equation
The "m" in De Broglie's equation refers to the mass of the object with momentum, P, and has wavelike properties with wavelength. However if the mass is large then the object most likely does not have detectable wave-light property and acts more like a particle.
- Thu Oct 17, 2019 7:30 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Wave Properties vs. Particle Properties
- Replies: 3
- Views: 184
Re: Wave Properties vs. Particle Properties
When the light intensity is increase, the only thing that is changing is the number of photons. In that case, each photon still does not have enough energy to knockout an electron. In EM waves, intensity does not increase the energy of the photon. Frequency is the one that affects the energy of the ...
- Thu Oct 17, 2019 7:26 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Atomic Orbitals
- Replies: 1
- Views: 71
Atomic Orbitals
I am quite confused with the idea of principle, angular, and magnetic quantum numbers (n,l, and ml). How do you determine the the state of the electron with those quantum numbers? During lecture I saw a chart in the slide that can help us determine the state of the electron, but are we suppose to kn...
- Thu Oct 17, 2019 7:18 pm
- Forum: Accuracy, Precision, Mole, Other Definitions
- Topic: Theoretical vs. Actual Yield
- Replies: 38
- Views: 13843
Re: Theoretical vs. Actual Yield
A lot of reactions or system cannot be 100% efficient because there are always something that is lost to the environment, uncontrollable variables that can alter the result, side reaction, and impurities. Those are just some of the reasons why actually yield is almost always less than the theoretica...
- Thu Oct 17, 2019 4:43 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: 1A7b textbook solution typo?
- Replies: 5
- Views: 187
Re: 1A7b textbook solution typo?
On my solution manual, it says 150 pm. You are right and maybe it is a typo in the textbook.
- Thu Oct 10, 2019 9:35 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Speed of light
- Replies: 9
- Views: 282
Re: Speed of light
In high school I learned something about the refraction index of a medium. The equation is n = c/v. n is the index, c is the speed of light constant, and v is the velocity of light in the medium. To answer your question, i think the question will have to do something with the index.
- Thu Oct 10, 2019 9:25 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Photoelectric Effect Intensity of Light
- Replies: 7
- Views: 185
Re: Photoelectric Effect Intensity of Light
When the experiment changed the intensity of the light on the metal, it is only changing the amount of photons in the light. Lower intensity means less photons and thus dimmer light. Electromagnetic wave does not behave the same as sound wave or ocean wave. When we increase the intensity of an EM wa...
- Thu Oct 10, 2019 9:12 pm
- Forum: Limiting Reactant Calculations
- Topic: Finding Limiting Reactant
- Replies: 3
- Views: 339
Re: Finding Limiting Reactant
Limiting Reactant is the substance that is completely used up in a chemical reaction. Limiting reactant determines how much product is produced in a chemical reaction. Identifying Limiting Reactant: 1. Identify reactant and products 2. write a balanced equation for the reaction 3. Calculate molar ma...
- Thu Oct 10, 2019 8:45 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: Angstrom
- Replies: 16
- Views: 789
Re: Angstrom
An angstrom is a unit of length usually used to measure the bond length of atoms. It has the symbol of Å. 1Å = 1x10^-10 m
- Thu Oct 10, 2019 8:42 pm
- Forum: General Science Questions
- Topic: temperature
- Replies: 4
- Views: 1280
Re: temperature
K = C +273.15 -----> C = K - 273.15
F =(1.8)(C)+32
Kelvin to Fahrenheit = F = (1.8)(K - 273.15) + 32
F =(1.8)(C)+32
Kelvin to Fahrenheit = F = (1.8)(K - 273.15) + 32
- Thu Oct 10, 2019 6:55 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Clarification on Frequency
- Replies: 8
- Views: 409
Re: Clarification on Frequency
We cannot really change the frequency of a wave unless we completely change the type of the electromagnetic wave. Frequency of an electromagnetic wave normally remains the same because each electromagnetic wave has its own unique driven oscillation. When we increase the intensity of the light, we ar...
- Thu Oct 03, 2019 11:06 am
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Study Tips
- Replies: 58
- Views: 4292
Re: Study Tips
You can check out the class website and you'll see there are a lot of discussion sections, peer learning sessions, exam review sessions, and Step-Up Sessions you can attend. Online learning modules are also a great help!