Search found 102 matches
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 10:57 am
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: Instantaneous Rate
- Replies: 41
- Views: 2249
Re: Instantaneous Rate
looking at it graphically, the curve downwards will make the line tangent to the curve less and less steep. since the instantaneous rate is dependent on the slope of the tangent line, it will decrease over time. hope this helps
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 10:56 am
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Final
- Replies: 21
- Views: 1427
Re: Final
it looks like we will take the final in our regular location because announcements monday referred to our exam venues and review sessions. hope this helps
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 10:54 am
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: Week 9 Wednesday lecture
- Replies: 7
- Views: 458
Re: Week 9 Wednesday lecture
when we separated it out into fast and slow steps, we ignore the fast step reactants and products because these do not control the rate. an example used in class is when friends bake brownies with each person on a specific task, the rate of the production of brownies is dependent on the one slow fri...
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 10:50 am
- Forum: Zero Order Reactions
- Topic: Zero Order
- Replies: 8
- Views: 516
Re: Zero Order
Zero-order reactions are solely k based. the rate=k[A]^0 which makes [A]=1 and therefore rate=k. you can tell if this happens when a graph showing concentration over time is a flat line since this usually happens when an enzyme/catalyst is saturated and the rate is constant. hope this helps
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 10:47 am
- Forum: Biological Examples
- Topic: adsorbtion
- Replies: 6
- Views: 841
Re: adsorbtion
yes, because homogenous catalysts would absorb being in the same state of matter. the example used in class was that the catalytic converter was solid while gas sits on top of it rather than being absorbed. it's adsorbed. hope this helps
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 10:44 am
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: midterm 6 b
- Replies: 6
- Views: 466
Re: midterm 6 b
since dG=dH-TdS, you want to find the smallest dS value. we see this in the first choice because the solid states remain most solid. hope this helps
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 10:43 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Test 2
- Replies: 19
- Views: 988
Re: Test 2
test 2 will only cover the 2nd half of thermodynamics (gibbs) and all of electrochemistry. hope this helps
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 10:41 am
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Catalysts and Rates
- Replies: 10
- Views: 674
Re: Catalysts and Rates
Catalysts indeed affect the rate of chemical rxns. By lowering Ea, the Arrhenius equation k=Ae^(-Ea/RT) will increase k and increase the rate. hope this helps
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 10:39 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Balancing redox with h2o
- Replies: 9
- Views: 646
Re: Balancing redox with h2o
With acidic conditions, use h2o to balance oxygens, and then H+ to balance the H of the h2o you just used.
With basic conditions, use h2o to balance oxygens like last time, then use another h2o to balance the hydrogens of the h2o, and finally OH- to balance the "another" h2o. hope this helps
With basic conditions, use h2o to balance oxygens like last time, then use another h2o to balance the hydrogens of the h2o, and finally OH- to balance the "another" h2o. hope this helps
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 10:34 am
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Final exam content
- Replies: 15
- Views: 1216
Re: Final exam content
Sometimes a hw problem might show up on a final (like one did for the midterm) but the past midterm and test questions give a good picture of what the final will look like. hope this helps
- Sun Mar 01, 2020 5:24 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: N value
- Replies: 7
- Views: 485
Re: N value
N is the number of moles of e- transferred. So yes, N equals the coefficient of the e- in the equation.
- Sun Mar 01, 2020 5:20 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Flipping the sign
- Replies: 10
- Views: 660
Re: Flipping the sign
You flip the sign when you want to flip the rxn around. Usually you do this for the oxidized half rxn.
- Sun Mar 01, 2020 5:17 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Calculating E°cell
- Replies: 2
- Views: 216
Re: Calculating E°cell
The first way is taking the standard reduction potentials of each (when both are going in same direction). The second way also works bc you switch the reduced half equation and flip the E sign so it still holds to be true.
- Sat Feb 29, 2020 1:00 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: redox reactions in acidic/basic solution
- Replies: 1
- Views: 178
redox reactions in acidic/basic solution
How does a rxn occurring in an acidic/basic solution assist/affect the redox reaction? In this case, how are H3O+ and OH- ions involved in oxidizing or reducing an element?
- Fri Feb 28, 2020 5:27 pm
- Forum: Van't Hoff Equation
- Topic: Outline Clarification on Van't Hoff EQ
- Replies: 1
- Views: 170
Outline Clarification on Van't Hoff EQ
On the outline, we are expected to be able to "Use a Chemistry Van't Hoff analysis to calculate H, S, and G." Can I get clarification on what this exactly means? Using the EQ to find the other variables?
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 5:26 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Salt Bridge
- Replies: 9
- Views: 659
Re: Salt Bridge
the salt bridge releases + and - ions into each side of the battery and maintains a neutral charge. for example, when Zn turns into Zn2+, it will bond with the Cl- ions of NaCl to prevent an overly positive cell. hope this helps!
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 5:24 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Max cell potential
- Replies: 1
- Views: 161
Re: Max cell potential
Why is max cell potential directly related to the free energy difference between reactants and products in cell/redox reaction? max cell potential is the max amt of energy able to be released by the battery. since free energy difference is the energy released by a chemical equation (in this case th...
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 5:21 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Balancing redox reactions
- Replies: 5
- Views: 443
Re: Balancing redox reactions
The main principle is focus on charge first when balancing the redox rxn. When the number of electrons are balanced on both sides, the elements are probably going to be balanced. this is faster than looking at the elements first. hope this helps!
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 5:20 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Calculating Cell Potential
- Replies: 2
- Views: 191
Re: Calculating Cell Potential
What did Dr. Lavelle say was his "recommended" way of solving for the cell potential? He mentioned it during lecture earlier this week but I did not write it down :/ he recommends: 1) identify the half rxns and look up E for each: Fe3+ (aq) + e- = Fe2+ (aq) E=.77V Cu2+ (aq) +2e- = Cu (s) ...
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 5:14 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Half reactions
- Replies: 13
- Views: 769
Re: Half reactions
half-reactions are taking the redox reaction and analyzing one metal at a time. for example, the Zn(s) + Cu2+ (aq) = Zn2+ (aq) + Cu(s) reaction will now become:
1) Zn(s)=Zn2+ (aq) + 2e-
2) Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- = Cu(s)
hope this helps!
1) Zn(s)=Zn2+ (aq) + 2e-
2) Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- = Cu(s)
hope this helps!
- Sun Feb 16, 2020 5:41 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: work = 0
- Replies: 14
- Views: 1344
Re: work = 0
according to the equation w=-Pex*delta V, if external pressure is 0 (as in a vaccuum), then w equals 0. hope this helps!
- Sun Feb 16, 2020 5:40 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Pressure and Moles
- Replies: 7
- Views: 446
Re: Pressure and Moles
You would only regard the coefficients because they represent the amt of whole molecules. the subscripts only show how many atoms there are in each molecule. you can think of the subscripts as too small to shift while the coefficients are.
- Sun Feb 16, 2020 5:37 pm
- Forum: Van't Hoff Equation
- Topic: Temperature and K
- Replies: 2
- Views: 207
Re: Temperature and K
How is K temperature dependent using the Van't Hoff Equations? K will change based on the Van't Hoff Equation because as we see in ln(k)=-H/RT+S/R, the K value is related to the T value. In the past, I don't think we had any equation that would explicitly relate the two variables. we can deduce tha...
- Sun Feb 16, 2020 5:23 pm
- Forum: Van't Hoff Equation
- Topic: When to use Van't Hoff equation
- Replies: 2
- Views: 178
Re: When to use Van't Hoff equation
How can we assume that the standard delta H and standard delta S are constant when deriving the Van't Hoff equation? Do these values not differ with temperature? Lavelle mentioned in class that although having a higher temperature will indeed increase the initial and final H and S values, the chang...
- Sun Feb 16, 2020 5:13 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Gibbs Free Energy of a System
- Replies: 2
- Views: 109
Re: Gibbs Free Energy of a System
To correct what I'm saying, 1) deltaG*=deltaH-TdeltaS and 2) deltaG=deltaG*+RTlnQ are not equal to each other and the 1 will replace the deltaG* in the 2 i believe.
- Sun Feb 16, 2020 5:10 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Gibbs Free Energy of a System
- Replies: 2
- Views: 109
Re: Gibbs Free Energy of a System
Can someone explain conceptually what the overall Gibbs Free Energy of a system equation means? deltaG = deltaG* + RTlnQ How does this relate to deltaG = deltaH - TdeltaS? Are these equal to each other or is the second equation supposed to be deltaG* in the first equation? Yes, deltaG* = deltaH - T...
- Sun Feb 09, 2020 3:12 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: solids and liquids in the rxn quotient
- Replies: 8
- Views: 531
Re: solids and liquids in the rxn quotient
Yes. The reason being is that liquids and solids are always in excess/change is negligible in the reversible rxns, so their molarities would cancel out in the K equation anyways. hope this helps!
- Sun Feb 09, 2020 3:08 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Cm
- Replies: 4
- Views: 183
Re: Cm
Cm stands for the molar specific heat capacity of the compound. hope this helps!
- Sun Feb 09, 2020 3:06 pm
- Forum: Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy
- Topic: How to find the W?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 164
Re: How to find the W?
How to find the number of ways atoms can be arranged in the Boltzmann’s formula? For instance, the HW problems 4G. 5, why is the W=12 to the 6.02*10^23? W, or degeneracy, is a measure of how many different positions an atom can be in. For example, the C-O molecule can be in 2 positions (C-O or O-C)...
- Sun Feb 09, 2020 2:58 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Reversible Process and Work
- Replies: 4
- Views: 183
Re: Reversible Process and Work
Reversible processes can be "turned" in any direction at the very slight perturbation of the system. The common one we went over in class was the slow isothermic expansion of gas in a piston chamber due to the addition of heat in gas which causes it to expand. Isothermic systems have temp...
- Sun Feb 09, 2020 2:54 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Kc when stoichiometric constants are changed
- Replies: 1
- Views: 151
Re: Kc when stoichiometric constants are changed
In the question from review guide it ask what the Kc will be when the constants are halved. I think the new Kc will just be square root(Kc). Is this true, and if so is it still true if the temperature isn't at 400 K? Thanks! (Refer to pizza rolls question 1d) Yes, when coefficients are changed the ...
- Sun Feb 02, 2020 3:22 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Definition of First Law
- Replies: 9
- Views: 363
Re: Definition of First Law
The definition of the first law of thermodynamics is that energy cannot be created nor destroyed. this allows us to calculate the enthalpy of a reaction, predict it using bond energies, etc. hope this helps!
- Sun Feb 02, 2020 3:20 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: hess's law
- Replies: 13
- Views: 387
Re: hess's law
indeed, you must cancel out only if the same compound is on both sides of the equation.
- Sun Feb 02, 2020 3:18 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Hess's Law vs Bond Enthalpies vs Standard Enthalpies of Formation
- Replies: 7
- Views: 299
Re: Hess's Law vs Bond Enthalpies vs Standard Enthalpies of Formation
You can use each method based upon the information given by the problem. If given bond enthapy values, you can use bond energies, if given standard enthalpies of formation, use that, etc. hope it helps!
- Sun Feb 02, 2020 1:27 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Phase change
- Replies: 20
- Views: 870
Re: Phase change
Because the phase change requires energy, there is a + delta H value. Hope this helps
- Sun Feb 02, 2020 1:25 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: kinetics
- Replies: 8
- Views: 242
Re: kinetics
You can think of kinetics as studying how fast a rxn will happen while thermodynamics is studying whether a rxn is favorable or not
- Sun Jan 26, 2020 4:02 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: state functions
- Replies: 3
- Views: 162
Re: state functions
state functions must be additive because they depend on the endpoints and not the "in-between" values. taking the mountain example used in class, to measure the altitude of the hike, you subtract the final altitude-initial altitude, disregarding any other altitudes in the middle.
- Sun Jan 26, 2020 3:59 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Preferences between Methods
- Replies: 3
- Views: 125
Re: Preferences between Methods
Did Professor Lavelle say if there was a method preferred over another? And how would we know which one to use? He did mention that using bond energies is not as accurate as using Hess' method because bond enthalpy values are averaged across all different molecules (which gives a less precise value).
- Sun Jan 26, 2020 3:58 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: exo thermic
- Replies: 11
- Views: 381
Re: exo thermic
since exothermic rxns release heat, you can imagine the opposite happen if you add heat. it would be harder for the rxn to go, therefore shifting rxn left and also lowering the K value (P/R)
- Sun Jan 26, 2020 3:56 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: ICE
- Replies: 20
- Views: 932
Re: ICE
When you are given Ka or Kb it is a good sign that you will end up using an ice table. This is because it gives the ratio of products over reactants at equilibrium, so you can use it to find missing concentrations.
- Sun Jan 26, 2020 3:54 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Fall Quarter Final?
- Replies: 12
- Views: 834
Re: Fall Quarter Final?
Hi all, I heard earlier that the Fall quarter final would be available in Young 3034 during week 3. However, I assumed that Dr. Lavelle would send out an email with the times we could come to pick up the exam. I never received instructions about when and how to pick it up. Does anyone know if the e...
- Sun Jan 19, 2020 3:12 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Change in Volume?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 125
Re: Change in Volume?
K will not change based on changing the volume. What might change is that a Lechatlier shift to the right or left may occur, but the K value remains constant.
- Sun Jan 19, 2020 3:09 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Volume and pressure
- Replies: 4
- Views: 164
Re: Volume and pressure
decreasing the volume increases the amount of pressure because of the equation PV=nRT. You can see that if the V value is lowered, the P value must increase in order to keep being equal to the other side.
- Sun Jan 19, 2020 3:04 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 6A.21
- Replies: 1
- Views: 67
Re: 6A.21
we know they are the same concentration by referring to the original chemical equation of water protolysis:
H2O(l) = H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)
because of the one-to-one stoichiometric coefficients, the moles of hydronium ion produced will equal the moles of hydroxide ion produced. Hope this helps!
H2O(l) = H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)
because of the one-to-one stoichiometric coefficients, the moles of hydronium ion produced will equal the moles of hydroxide ion produced. Hope this helps!
- Sun Jan 19, 2020 3:01 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 6D.3a
- Replies: 1
- Views: 97
Re: 6D.3a
(a) When the pH of 0.10 M HClO2(aq) was measured, it was found to be 1.2. What are the values of Ka and pKa of chlorous acid? To find [H3O+], you take the antilog of the pH, and [H3O+] also equals [ClO2-]. For the Ka equation, Ka = [H3O+][ClO2-]/[HClO2]. How do you know that [HClO2] = (.10 - .06) w...
- Sun Jan 19, 2020 2:53 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: autoprotolysis
- Replies: 5
- Views: 152
Re: autoprotolysis
The autoprotolysis of water gives rise to Kw because of its equilibrium expression. K=products/reactants, so Kw=[H30+][OH-] while the H2O(l) is left out of the equation since it's a liquid. Hope this helps!
- Sun Jan 12, 2020 2:55 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Le Chatelier's Principle
- Replies: 19
- Views: 1715
Re: Le Chatelier's Principle
Le chatlier’a principle is that a chemical rxn at equilibrium will do its best to minize effects to the system. Meaning, if product is added to a rxn at equilibrium, the reverse rxn would increase to “balance” out the inequality. It’s used to predict how a rxn at equilibrium would change if we distu...
- Sun Jan 12, 2020 2:53 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: HW 2
- Replies: 7
- Views: 261
Re: HW 2
Yes, we are still going over equilibrium in class so it’s acceptable to turn in.
- Sun Jan 12, 2020 2:51 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: General HW question
- Replies: 9
- Views: 412
Re: General HW question
It depends on your TA, so i would ask him or her about it during discussion.
- Fri Jan 10, 2020 2:26 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Le Chatelier's Principle
- Replies: 7
- Views: 312
Re: Le Chatelier's Principle
I'm a little confused on Le Chatelier's Principle, can someone define exactly what it is and explain why the in class example Lavelle gave with it? N2+3H2=2NH3 He said that if N2 were increased, NH3 was increased, and H2 was decreased, the only way to increase the yield of NH3 without adding more r...
- Fri Jan 10, 2020 2:18 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: N2+3H2<->2NH3
- Replies: 5
- Views: 154
Re: N2+3H2<->2NH3
What happens if N2 is increased, NH3 is increased, or H2 decreased? What does it mean when they go to the left or right? Yep! you are correct on both. Both NH3 is increased and H2 decreased. Going left or right simply means where the rxn shifts in response to adding products or reactants. In this c...
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 4:36 pm
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: oxoacids
- Replies: 3
- Views: 352
Re: oxoacids
In today's lecture, for the last past exam question that we went over, can anyone please explain again why the H was bonded to the O atom instead of the Cl atom? (molecule is HClO3) Thank you! That is simply the common structure of all oxoacids. (H3PO4, H2SO4, HNO3, etc.) If the H was bonded to the...
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 4:33 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: 2F.15
- Replies: 1
- Views: 103
2F.15
can someone please explain why as the s character o bonds increase, the bond angle increases? Thanks.
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 4:05 pm
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: Conjugate acids and bases
- Replies: 2
- Views: 165
Re: Conjugate acids and bases
Could anyone explain conjugate acids and bases in words? I understand how to identify them in an equation, but is there any way to describe them in words? the conjugate base to an acid is the same compound except it now has lost its H+. For example, HCl is an acid. When HCl donates a proton, Cl- is...
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 3:59 pm
- Forum: Biological Examples
- Topic: biological significance
- Replies: 2
- Views: 222
Re: biological significance
hemoglobin, myoglobin, cisplatin are the main compounds of bio significance. hope this helps!
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 3:57 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Test 2 Question 2 Help
- Replies: 2
- Views: 218
Re: Test 2 Question 2 Help
Q2A: "Hydrogen bonding is important for nucleic acids. Draw how two separate nucleic acids below (guanine (G) and cytosine (C)) will interact via H-bonding to form a GC pair." - can someone explain where the H-bonds are and how they're formed? Q2.B: "There are two different base pair...
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 3:55 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: hydrogen bonding
- Replies: 2
- Views: 286
Re: hydrogen bonding
From what I read on 3F.5, hydrogen bonding can happen between H and N, F, or O molecules, but only if the H is already attached to a N, F, or O? So hydrogen bonding is technically not possible if that does not happen(as in, it would just be a regular interaction if one free H attached to an O, and ...
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 3:52 pm
- Forum: Sigma & Pi Bonds
- Topic: Change in hybridization based on sigma and pi bonds
- Replies: 1
- Views: 151
Re: Change in hybridization based on sigma and pi bonds
Aiden Metzner 4E wrote:Does hybridization of orbitals change depending on if the bonds are sigma or pi?
no, just look at regions of e- density. for example, NO3- has three sigma bonds and one pi bond but still has hybridization of sp2 because there are 3 regions of e- density around N. hope this helps!
Re: Naming
Alexis Robles 3A wrote:For the final, do we need to write the name for coordination compounds in the New IUPAC Name Convention or is the regular/"old" one fine?
Lavelle said during lecture that either one is acceptable.
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 3:45 pm
- Forum: Heisenberg Indeterminacy (Uncertainty) Equation
- Topic: Size of nucleus = delta x?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 398
Re: Size of nucleus = delta x?
In today's lecture review, why do we consider the size of the nucleus (the 1.7 x 10^-15 or something) as the delta x? I don't conceptually understand why we plug that value in for the uncertainty in position. Are we saying that within that value or less is where the electron could be located? And s...
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 3:40 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: CH2 2+
- Replies: 1
- Views: 219
CH2 2+
How does CH2 2+ work if the C has no octet?
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 5:19 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: 2D.5
- Replies: 2
- Views: 302
Re: 2D.5
Annie Ye wrote:For each pair, determine which compound has bonds with greater ionic character: (a) HCl or HI; (b) CH4 or CF4; (c) CO2 or CS2.
a) HI
b) CF4
c) CS2
- Wed Nov 20, 2019 4:38 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Coordinate bonds
- Replies: 3
- Views: 225
Re: Coordinate bonds
coordinate bonds form when a single molecule donates 2 electrons to form a bond (this is instead of covalent bonds when each atom "donates" one each). A ligand (like NH3) is any molecule that donates 2 electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond. In class today, NH3 donates N's lone pair ...
- Tue Nov 19, 2019 8:06 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Dipole-Dipole Interactions in Nonpolar Molecules
- Replies: 1
- Views: 114
Re: Dipole-Dipole Interactions in Nonpolar Molecules
nonpolar molecules would have induced dipole-induced dipole attractions, aka london dispersion forces.
- Tue Nov 19, 2019 8:05 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Dipole-Dipole and induced dipole
- Replies: 4
- Views: 264
Re: Dipole-Dipole and induced dipole
dipole-dipole are between polar molecules such as CHCl3. Induced dipole-induced dipole are between nonpolar molecules such as CH4. Hope this helps :)
- Tue Nov 19, 2019 7:56 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: 2E: Question 29
- Replies: 3
- Views: 237
2E: Question 29
How does one determine which dichlorobenzene isomer has the largest dipole moment between 1 and 2? Is it 1 because the angles of the dipoles are more "skewed" in one direction than 2?
- Sun Nov 17, 2019 4:33 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Determining Bond Angles?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 96
Re: Determining Bond Angles?
For the general bond angles, you do just need to memorize what they are based upon the shape. Then, with lone pairs, you can reason qualitatively if the bond angles would distort to be larger or smaller than their original angle. For trigonal pyramidal atom, for example, the regular bond angle is 10...
- Sun Nov 17, 2019 4:32 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: London Forces
- Replies: 4
- Views: 231
Re: London Forces
All molecules that don't have dipole moments do have London dispersion forces. You can treat this force as the "default" force between molecules if there are no dipole-dipole or ionic intermolecular forces. This is because naturally, molecules create temporary dipoles with each other for a...
- Sun Nov 17, 2019 4:22 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: 3F.19
- Replies: 2
- Views: 232
Re: 3F.19
Pentene being linear-shaped allows the pentene molecules to fit closer together and have a shorter distance between each other, while neopentene being spherical-shaped increases the distance between the atoms. A shorter radius between atoms leads to stronger attraction and higher boiling point. Hope...
- Sun Nov 17, 2019 4:18 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: 3F.19
- Replies: 2
- Views: 232
Re: 3F.19
You can think of vapor pressure as the opposite of boiling point. Vapor pressure is how much gas exists alongside a liquid amount of a substance. Substances with a stronger imf lead to a higher boiling point and lower vapor pressure (molecules are more attracted and less likely to evaporate).
- Fri Nov 15, 2019 3:38 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: 2E problem #13b.
- Replies: 3
- Views: 250
2E problem #13b.
Are the bond angles of POCl3 distorted from due to P being different from Cl? How would each bond angle be affected?
- Thu Nov 14, 2019 11:12 am
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: question concerning london dispersion forces and molecular formula
- Replies: 2
- Views: 82
question concerning london dispersion forces and molecular formula
In the notes, C5H12 has a lower intermolecular force than C18H38. Can someone please explain how the increase in mass per molecule makes the induced dipole-induced dipole attraction greater? Is this a matter of atomic radius, electron cloud, and polarizability? How can this be if the organic compoun...
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 4:42 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: Electronegativity Exceptions
- Replies: 3
- Views: 209
Re: Electronegativity Exceptions
Nope! The only notable "exception" in periodic trends that is of interest in our class is that oxygen's ionization energy>nitrogen's ionization energy.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 4:38 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: More than 8 electrons in structure?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 180
Re: More than 8 electrons in structure?
Yes! Once you get to period 3 p block atoms (P,S,Cl, etc) and below, the presence of the d orbital allows for the "breaking" of the octet rule.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 4:36 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Electronegativity
- Replies: 9
- Views: 511
Re: Electronegativity
yup! just remember that there are exceptions to electron affinity and ionization energy (N>O) rules.
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 4:13 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: 2C.7
- Replies: 2
- Views: 224
Re: 2C.7
Icl2+ has two lone pairs and two single bonds to cl.
Icl4- has two lone pairs and four single bonds to cl.
Icl3 has two lone pairs and three single bonds to cl.
Icl5 has one lone pair and five single bonds to cl.
hope this helps!
Icl4- has two lone pairs and four single bonds to cl.
Icl3 has two lone pairs and three single bonds to cl.
Icl5 has one lone pair and five single bonds to cl.
hope this helps!
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 3:39 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: VESPR
- Replies: 2
- Views: 132
Re: VESPR
Electron density shape is purely looking at the electron domains. For example in water, there are two bonds and two lone pairs: four electron domains (regions) in total, tetrahedral. Now for molecular shape, lone pairs play a role because they affect the bond angles. 2 bonds and 2 lone pairs (2,2) m...
- Fri Nov 01, 2019 4:31 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Diffraction patterns for neutrons
- Replies: 1
- Views: 173
Re: Diffraction patterns for neutrons
Yup! all subatomic/super duper small particles all exhibit wave-like properties. Because of the de Broglie equation wavelength=h/mv, a very small mass will give a larger wavelength and vice versa. Electrons are emphasized in class and in our textbook since their particle/wave duality affects how ato...
- Fri Nov 01, 2019 4:27 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: Determining Wave-like Properties
- Replies: 4
- Views: 160
Re: Determining Wave-like Properties
The "cutoff" number to see if a particle has wavelike properties is wavelengths of 10^-15. Any smaller than that and it's too hard to measure any wavelike properties (a baseball is about 10^-34)
- Fri Nov 01, 2019 4:24 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Formal Charges
- Replies: 4
- Views: 159
Re: Formal Charges
Your formal charges should "make sense" when drawing resonance structures. Take your first structure and see if you can move any double bonds. Then, take the formal charge of the atoms with your resonance structure and evaluate them. Usually, they should be 0 or negative 1 and positive 1.
- Wed Oct 30, 2019 4:00 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: 2A 19b
- Replies: 3
- Views: 181
2A 19b
If Sn has 4 valence electrons and loses 4 electrons, does it have 0 valence electrons or 8 new valence electrons? are the two the same?
- Wed Oct 30, 2019 3:23 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: 2A 1c
- Replies: 1
- Views: 93
2A 1c
How does one determine how many electrons Mn has?
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 10:08 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Finding Most Stable Structure
- Replies: 9
- Views: 307
Re: Finding Most Stable Structure
Remember that when calculating formal charge for lds of ions, the sum of the formal charges must add up to the overall ion's charge.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 10:07 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Formal charge purpose
- Replies: 40
- Views: 7181
Re: Formal charge purpose
The formal charge is important to calculate in order to find out which lewis dot structure is most prevalent in nature, and therefore the most accurate.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 9:59 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Formal Charge in Ions
- Replies: 3
- Views: 180
Re: Formal Charge in Ions
Formal charge refers to singular atoms in the lewis dot structure of covalent bonds, not ions. The ions themselves have an overall charge, but not a formal charge. For example, the lewis dot structure of F- is F with seven dots around it, no bonds formed. On the other hand, the F atoms in SF6 do hav...
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 9:12 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: s block metals vs p block metals
- Replies: 2
- Views: 147
s block metals vs p block metals
"Why are s-block metals typically more reactive than
p-block metals? "
Is this because s block metals have an easier time giving up an electron while p block metals have a harder time giving up an electron? Due to orbitals?
p-block metals? "
Is this because s block metals have an easier time giving up an electron while p block metals have a harder time giving up an electron? Due to orbitals?
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 8:51 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: 1D questions
- Replies: 4
- Views: 343
1D questions
11d. " How many orbitals are in subshells with l equal to (a) 0;
(b) 2; (c) 1; (d) 3?
How does one differentiate between the definitions of shell, subshell, and orbital?
(b) 2; (c) 1; (d) 3?
How does one differentiate between the definitions of shell, subshell, and orbital?
- Thu Oct 17, 2019 9:44 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: 27.
- Replies: 1
- Views: 98
27.
how does one find the minimum position uncertainty of the bowling ball?
- Thu Oct 17, 2019 9:43 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: 25.
- Replies: 4
- Views: 197
25.
How does one find the needed uncertainty in velocity of the electron?
- Thu Oct 17, 2019 9:42 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: 1B.15c
- Replies: 2
- Views: 84
1B.15c
how does one find the wavelength needed to eject the electron at the given velocity?
- Thu Oct 17, 2019 9:37 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: 1B.15a
- Replies: 2
- Views: 204
1B.15a
Since this question describes the photoelectric effect, can one use Ek=1/2mv^2 to calculate the energy of the electron, then apply it to E=hc/wavelength to get 34 nm? answer solutions uses debroglie
- Thu Oct 17, 2019 1:46 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Photoelectric Effect and Kinetic Energy
- Replies: 2
- Views: 152
Photoelectric Effect and Kinetic Energy
The Photoelectric Effect shows that the Energy of the photon must be equal to or more than the Energy required by the work function. My question is, if the E of photon = E of work function, doesn't that mean there is 0 E kinetic energy of the ejected electron? How would an electron be ejected if it'...
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 4:56 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: Wave properties of electrons
- Replies: 3
- Views: 135
Wave properties of electrons
"When neutrons pass through a crystal is a diffraction pattern observed? What does this experiment tell us about neutrons?" I do not remember this in class. do neutrons exhibit wave properties because they are so small? or do only electrons do so because of their electromagnetic properties?
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 4:49 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: P.E Experiment
- Replies: 3
- Views: 213
P.E Experiment
"True or False? An electron in the n = 4 state in the hydrogen atom can go to the n = 2 state by emitting electromagnetic radiation at the appropriate frequency." Is there a distinction between an atom absorbing electromagnetic radiation and emitting it? Can't only light emit radiation? Ar...
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 4:46 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: P.E Experiment
- Replies: 2
- Views: 132
P.E Experiment
" Can molecular spectroscopy be used to identify molecules?" Is the answer no, since the bonds between electrons within the molecule make it complicated to excite electrons?
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 4:44 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: P.E Experiment
- Replies: 2
- Views: 74
P.E Experiment
"If the energy of a photon does not match the energy difference between two energy levels in a hydrogen atom is the photon's energy absorbed?" Is absorbed and emitted interchangeable when describing an electron being excited up an energy level?
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 4:25 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: type of light during p.e. experiment
- Replies: 2
- Views: 89
type of light during p.e. experiment
"In photoelectric experiments, typically what part of the electromagnetic spectrum is the incoming light?" Is this visible light, since scientists are able to control the color as opposed to higher frequency/more dangerous lights? (UV)
- Sat Oct 05, 2019 12:09 am
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: H 7 a.
- Replies: 3
- Views: 160
H 7 a.
in question 7a, how does one find the stoichiometric coefficients for the chemical equation?
- Sat Oct 05, 2019 12:08 am
- Forum: Limiting Reactant Calculations
- Topic: M 19.
- Replies: 4
- Views: 206
M 19.
in question 19, how does one find the subscripts for the empirical formula for caffeine?
- Sat Oct 05, 2019 12:07 am
- Forum: Molarity, Solutions, Dilutions
- Topic: G 25.
- Replies: 1
- Views: 156
G 25.
in question 25, how does one find the number of times it takes to dilute the solution to no effect for the medicine?