CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Mariepahos4D

OH2 Is the same as h20 written in a different order, so it would not be hydroxide as hydroxide has a different chemical formula of OH- one H versus the 2 in OH2

Mariepahos4D

amphiprotic means it can act as either an acid or a base such as h20 which can be either a base that accepts a proton to form h30+ or an acid that donates a proton to become OH-. I believe in class that Lavelle said we would go over further examples on Wednesday. You can tell when something is amphi...

Mariepahos4D

Ferrate is [FeO4]2-. it is a polyatomic anion

Mariepahos4D

The roman numerals refer to the charge of the metal in the compound because many metals have multiple possible oxidation states so when writing out the name you would use the roman numerals to specify the charge of the ion. But when writing out the formula you would not include the numerals.

Mariepahos4D

For a ligand to be polydentate can it bond to the central atom in more than 2 locations via polar regions or lone pairs or would it need to have more than 2 available lone pairs for bonding ?

Mariepahos4D

Carbon has 4 valence electrons meaning that it would need 4 electrons to complete its octet so it tends to form 4 bonds

Mariepahos4D

I am not sure if this is exactly what you are asking, but N, O, and F cannot have more than an octet because they're energy level does not have a d orbital that it can use.

Mariepahos4D

For a) you would choose HCl and KOH because a neutralization reaction involves an acid and a base and you know the products need to be KCl and water so working with those elements you get HCl and KOH For b) HNO2 and Zn(OH)2 For c) HCN and Ca (OH)2 For d) H3PO4 and KOH So basically you work with the ...

Mariepahos4D

yes, the co2 and so2 would be considered an acid in that reaction because they donate the proton to water to create 2 oh- and a gas

Mariepahos4D

a single bond is always a sigma bond and a double bond is always one sigma and one pi bond. A triple bond would be one sigma and 2 pi bonds

Mariepahos4D

The equatorial plane bonding electrons will be made into lone pairs first because they only have bond angles to 2 other bonding pairs at 90 degrees in contrast to the axial bonding regions which have bonding angles to 3 other bonding regions at 90 degrees. So, to minimize repulsion, since lone pair-...

Mariepahos4D

The electronegativity of the molecule is determined by the difference in electronegativity values of the atoms involved. If the difference in electronegativity is great enough (greater than 2), the bond between elements is considered ionic. If the difference is less than 1.5 the molecule is consider...

Mariepahos4D

Ion-Ion forces are the strongest, with ion-dipole being the next strongest, and then hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and London Dispersion being the weakest.

Mariepahos4D

Molecular geometry is off of one central atom, so you can have molecules with more than one "central atom", but the geometry would be for one atom as the center. For example, if you have CH3OCH3, the molecular geometry would be bent as O is the center of the entire atom. You could say that...

Mariepahos4D

The lone pair on a N, O, or F bonded to an H interact with the H of another molecule with an N, O, or F bonded to it as well

Mariepahos4D

All three are polar. CH3SH is nonsymmetrical as is ch3nh2. CH3OCH3 is also nonsymmtrical because the O has two lone pairs resulting in a bent shape

Mariepahos4D

yes we need to know bond angles for all vsepr shapes.

Mariepahos4D

It does not matter which resonance structure you use as bond order does not matter in determining VSEPR shape, only number of bonding regions

Mariepahos4D

2 polar molecules

Mariepahos4D

The equation only works for hydrogen/ some other 1 electron atoms, so it cannot be used for multiple electron atoms

Mariepahos4D

The bond angles would be between the 2 bonds at every position in the molecule

Mariepahos4D

Yes, the one with the lone pair on the central atom would have increased repulsion because the electron repulsion of lone pair-bonding pair is greater than the electron repulsion in bonding pair to bonding pair, so the one with the central atom would have decreased bond angles.

Mariepahos4D

All moelcules have LDF interactions between them. Hydrogen bonding is determined by the presence of H with an N, O, or F. The VSEPR model is used to see if a molecule is polar, which would determine whether there are dipole-dipole interactions or ion-dipole or dipole-induced- dipole interactions

Mariepahos4D

The name is determined only by the bonding regions, but the lone pairs influence the shape.

Mariepahos4D

polarizing power would increase with cations of higher charge and smaller radius because electrons are held closer to the positively charged nucleus and the higher the charge on the cation, the more easily the cation can distort the negative charge of an anion

Mariepahos4D

The De Brogile wavelength unit is meters, but you would often convert to nm at the end to get correct sig figs

Mariepahos4D

Yes, in a the 2p would have two parallel spins in different 2p orbitals in the ground state. For b, all electrons in the 2p orbital would have parallel spins (the second one spins in the opposite direction in the diagram). In c, the electron in the 2p would be in the 2s

Mariepahos4D

generally, the element with the lowest ionization energy will be the central atom.

Mariepahos4D

A resonance structure is used when the actual bond length in a molecule is between the length of 2 different types of bonds. For example, if the bond length of an atom is between that of a single bond and double bond. Since lewis structures only account for the standardized bond lengths of single, d...

Mariepahos4D

an electron being promoted means that it is excited which means that it moves to a higher energy orbital

Mariepahos4D

If there are multiple places where you could put the double or triple bond, you have resonance which means that you can draw the bonds anywhere in the lewis structure and that the actual experimentally observed bond length is an average of all the bond lengths.

Mariepahos4D

shorter bonds, such as double or triple bonds, make the molecule more stable because bonding electrons are held closer to the nucleus.

Mariepahos4D

They can accommodate more than 8 valence e- because they can utilize their d orbitals for bonding.

Mariepahos4D

increasing the number of electrons decreases effective nuclear charge due to an increase in electron electron repulsion. Increasing the number of electrons, does increase electron shielding because of electron electron repulsion.

Mariepahos4D

Energy levels are always filled from Lower to higher. However, the 3d state doesn’t become lower in energy until after the 4s state is filled and there are electrons in the 3d state as well just due to the arrangement of electrons and electron repulsion

Mariepahos4D

For boron the electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p1 So in the 1s orbital you would have 2 electrons with opposite spin, in the 2s orbital you would again have 2 electrons with opposite spin and in the 2p orbital you would have 1 electron. If, for example you had an element with 2p5 you would have 2 ...

Mariepahos4D

The px Py PT way is more specific, but both are correct. I think when writing out electron configurations, we will normally just use the p3 way of writing it out because it is shorter. However, both are accurate. I assume it would specify if we need to write it with the px py pz

Mariepahos4D

The wave function is a math function that tells us the orbital, or where the electron is expected to be in the nucleus of an atom, so no I do not believe it would apply to photons because it is specifically a math function that represents orbitals.

Mariepahos4D

Electrons do spin which is why there is the spin up and spin down models. But I do believe Lavelle said the spin isn’t necesarilly clockwise and counter clockwise which is why he just calls it spin up and spin down, but they do spin in opposite directions .

Mariepahos4D

Energy is also directly proportional to frequency in that equation so as the frequency increases, the energy increases as well.

Mariepahos4D

Bond lengths are accepted values that were experimentally obtained, so we would have to be given them as there is no equation to figure out a bond length

Mariepahos4D

For a) the electron is at a higher energy because it is further from the nucleus, which it is attracted to. It takes energy to move an electron further from the nucleus (the source of attraction) for b) in this transition, the electron goes from the n=1 Energy level to the n=2 energy level I am not ...

Mariepahos4D

It wants to know how much energy is emitted from that quantity of sodium atoms so the answer would be the total amount of energy emitted by all of the atoms not per individual answer so J/atom would be incorrect since you that is not the energy per each atom.

Mariepahos4D

A series is all transitions from a certain energy level For example, all transitions from n=1 to n=x energy level is a series and then transitions from n=2 to n=x to energy level is another series

Mariepahos4D

I just had my discussion today and the TA gave us some practice problems which were all review of high school chemistry, so I believe it is just that for the first test.

Mariepahos4D

Generally, the best way to start is to carefully read the problem and write out the given measurements to clearly see what you are looking for. I usually start by solving the molarity and then go from there. With this information I can then see if it is a problem where I use M=mols/L or M1V1=M2V2

Mariepahos4D

Since the goal in balancing equations is to find the lowest stoichiometric coefficients, there is only one right answer. Although different multiples of the coefficients could result in equal numbers of atoms on both sides, there is only one arrangement of coefficients that is the lowest.

Mariepahos4D

First, we find out how many moles of sodium carbonate are in 2.111 g so that we can find the molarity of the sodium carbonate solution. We divide the mass by sodium carbonate's molecular weight 2.111/106 to find that we have 0.01992 moles of sodium carbonate. To find the molarity, we divide the mol...

Mariepahos4D

A) convert from moles grams of sodium carbonate to moles to get .0199 mols Na2CO3. Get the molarity of the solution by dividing the moles by the liters of solution so .0199 mols/.25L= .0796 M A wants you to find the volume in a solution containing 2.5mmol of Na. 1 mol contains 10^3 mmol so 2.15mmol/...

Mariepahos4D

A) Since all 3 compounds are ionic, they will break up into their respective ions when dissolved in solution, so you use the given grams of each compound and molar mass to convert to moles of the compound. You then add the moles of K ions in each compound and divide by liters to get the molarity. .5...

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