Search found 109 matches
- Fri Mar 13, 2020 1:21 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Slowest step
- Replies: 38
- Views: 1439
Re: Slowest step
No matter how quickly the fastest reaction occurs, the full reaction is not complete until the slowest one is done. Therefore, the rate of the full reaction is determined by the slowest step.
- Fri Mar 13, 2020 1:12 pm
- Forum: Zero Order Reactions
- Topic: Calculus
- Replies: 10
- Views: 701
Re: Calculus
I think in deriving the equations, we use some basic integration rules, but for specific ones like the integral of ln, the rule is usually given.
- Fri Mar 13, 2020 12:59 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: kinetics vs. thermodynamics
- Replies: 23
- Views: 1204
Re: kinetics vs. thermodynamics
Kinetics focuses on the process and speed of the reaction, while thermodynamics focuses on the beginning and end of the reaction, regardless of how the reaction got there.
- Fri Mar 13, 2020 12:50 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: Thermodynamics delta G
- Replies: 13
- Views: 868
Re: Thermodynamics delta G
Thermodynamics concerns the beginning and end states of a reaction, which delta G gives us information about. Delta G tells the difference between the free energy at the end of the reaction and at the beginning.
- Fri Mar 13, 2020 12:48 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: Kinetics vs thermodynamics
- Replies: 3
- Views: 341
Re: Kinetics vs thermodynamics
Kinetics describes the pathway of reactions, with an emphasis on the activation energy that signifies the energy difference between the free energy of reactants and the transition state. Kinetic analysis is about the speed or rate of reaction, using experimental techniques to observe reactant &...
- Mon Mar 09, 2020 2:46 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Arrhenius Equation
- Replies: 4
- Views: 344
Re: Arrhenius Equation
It relates the equilibrium constant, k, to temperature, activation energy, and A. Given any 3 of these, you could find the other variable.
- Mon Mar 09, 2020 2:43 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Equations
- Replies: 2
- Views: 200
Re: Equations
Yes, taking the natural log of both sides of the first equation would give you the second equation.
- Mon Mar 09, 2020 2:41 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Pre Equillibrium
- Replies: 2
- Views: 253
Re: Pre Equillibrium
If the second step is the "slow step," there will be a buildup of the product of the first step, so the first reaction will tend to go in the reverse direction as well, creating an equilibrium scenario.
- Mon Mar 09, 2020 2:39 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Catalysts
- Replies: 28
- Views: 1667
Re: Catalysts
The way a catalyst lowers the activation energy is by creating a completely new path to get to the products, which has a lower activation energy.
- Mon Mar 09, 2020 2:38 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Identifying Catalysts
- Replies: 6
- Views: 406
Re: Identifying Catalysts
Is a catalyst considered a type of intermediate?
- Sun Mar 01, 2020 7:20 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Integrated Rate Law
- Replies: 5
- Views: 354
Re: Integrated Rate Law
The differential equation tells the change in concentration over time, but the integrated equation tells the specific concentration at any specific time.
- Sun Mar 01, 2020 7:03 pm
- Forum: Biological Examples (*DNA Structural Transitions, etc.)
- Topic: Examples Expected to Know
- Replies: 15
- Views: 1795
Re: Examples Expected to Know
Does anyone remember any specific ones that were mentioned in class?
- Sun Mar 01, 2020 6:59 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: zero order reaction
- Replies: 29
- Views: 1264
Re: zero order reaction
A zero order equation integrated gives a first order equation, which when graphed, gives a straight line, as opposed to a second order equation, like something with x^2, that gives a parabola.
- Sun Mar 01, 2020 6:52 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: Order of reaction
- Replies: 3
- Views: 657
Re: Order of reaction
We use the rate to compare how it will change when concentration changes. To get the overall order of the equation, we add the orders of each reactant.
- Wed Feb 26, 2020 4:56 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Platinum on one side of galvanic diagram
- Replies: 3
- Views: 207
Re: Platinum on one side of galvanic diagram
What makes something able to act as an electrode or not?
- Wed Feb 26, 2020 4:52 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Eo as an intensive property
- Replies: 9
- Views: 612
Re: Eo as an intensive property
Could someone explain why Eo doesn't change when the amount of matter changes? Does this mean that the maximum potential of a battery stays the same no matter how much of the reduced and oxidized substances you have?
- Wed Feb 26, 2020 4:44 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: nerst
- Replies: 7
- Views: 514
Re: nerst
After balancing the redox reaction, you can see how many moles of electrons are transferred in the reaction. Use the coefficient of e- after simplifying the balanced reaction.
- Wed Feb 26, 2020 4:41 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Work
- Replies: 4
- Views: 337
Re: Work
Also, how does the potential for work relate to E?
- Wed Feb 26, 2020 4:40 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Work
- Replies: 4
- Views: 337
Work
How is a battery doing work through the redox reaction? Is there a change in energy happening with this?
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 11:05 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Potential difference between electrodes
- Replies: 3
- Views: 275
Re: Potential difference between electrodes
I believe the idea behind this expression is that the maximum potential change in voltage occurs before any change has occurred.
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 10:22 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Battery Dying
- Replies: 4
- Views: 301
Battery Dying
Would a battery technically never die if there is a salt bridge or porous film? It sounds like the salt bridge brings it back to equilibrium, so if so, why would the battery die?
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 10:19 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Anode and Cathode position
- Replies: 5
- Views: 318
Re: Anode and Cathode position
Dr. Lavelle mentioned that this is the common arrangement, but it should be possible to tell based on other information given which one is the anode and which is the cathode. I wouldn't rely on it always being in this arrangement, though.
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 10:11 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Replies: 5
- Views: 289
Re: Balancing Redox Reactions
Overall, just be sure both the electrons gained or lost on the left are equal to those gained or lost on the right. Usually, the oxidation states are the most obvious sign to use to balance the reactions.
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 2:37 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Salt Bridge
- Replies: 4
- Views: 285
Re: Salt Bridge
The salt bridge allows the electrons to continue to flow by replacing the charge that is transferred from the cathode to the anode. It allows the cycle to continue until the voltage reaches zero.
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 2:22 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Balancing half reactions
- Replies: 11
- Views: 657
Re: Balancing half reactions
Yes, they should cancel out, which is why we must balance the reduction and oxidation reactions, to make sure the number of electrons on the left is equal to the number of electrons on the right.
- Mon Feb 03, 2020 5:50 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: internal energy
- Replies: 4
- Views: 121
Re: internal energy
We can find delta U by subtracting the Initial U from the final U. We simply look at the two states, not the process of getting from the initial to the final.
- Mon Feb 03, 2020 5:48 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: w=-P(deltaV) derivation
- Replies: 3
- Views: 149
Re: w=-P(deltaV) derivation
The integral represents the sum of all the changes over a certain change in volume. We take the negative integral of P with respect to the change in V, but since P is constant, we bring it out of the integral and multiply it by the integral of dV from v1 to v2. Evaluating the integral gives you V2-V...
- Mon Feb 03, 2020 5:34 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Expansion/Extension
- Replies: 2
- Views: 86
Re: Expansion/Extension
An example for work of expansion is like the one we talked about in class today. A gas can push the piston to expand its volume. This is energy being given off as work.
- Mon Feb 03, 2020 5:32 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Degeneracy and Volume
- Replies: 6
- Views: 152
Re: Degeneracy and Volume
Is W2/W1 always equal to V2/V1? The proportion between W2/W1 and V2/V1 will always be equal, although the value of W2 and V2 will be different. How can the proportions be the same but the values be different? Can someone please elaborate or give an example so I can further understand? (: W2 does no...
- Mon Feb 03, 2020 5:12 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: Thermodynamics Laws
- Replies: 4
- Views: 147
Re: Thermodynamics Laws
Which equations, if any, does each law correspond to?
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 2:35 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: What systems go with what equations?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 111
Re: What systems go with what equations?
We use w=-P(delta V) only when pressure is constant. Otherwise, we use the integral from v1 to v2 of -P(ex) times the change in V.
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 2:33 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: State Property
- Replies: 6
- Views: 244
State Property
Is U a state property? Why or why not?
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 2:31 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: 4A.1
- Replies: 12
- Views: 478
Re: 4A.1
Isolated systems are insulated while closed systems are not. This means that while the amount of matter is constant in both, closed systems can exchange energy with their environment while insulated systems cannot.
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 2:28 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: 4A 1 Part c)
- Replies: 5
- Views: 340
Re: 4A 1 Part c)
MariaJohn1D wrote:Does the pressure change in a bomb calorimeter?
The pressure within the calorimeter can change when there is a reaction. However, the pressure inside is not changed by the external pressure because it is an isolated system.
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 2:24 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Calorimeters as Isolated Systems
- Replies: 2
- Views: 153
Re: Calorimeters as Isolated Systems
Dr. Lavelle specified in class that there can still be a lot happening within the system, without it interacting with the surroundings. Everything within the calorimeter is part of the system, and reactions can still occur within the system. However, there will be no energy transfer with anything ou...
- Mon Jan 27, 2020 4:45 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Why does steam cause burns?
- Replies: 29
- Views: 1128
Re: Why does steam cause burns?
Is there a reason why the horizontal line for vaporizing water is so much longer than the one for melting ice?
- Mon Jan 27, 2020 4:32 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: steam at 100ºC burn worse
- Replies: 7
- Views: 896
Re: steam at 100ºC burn worse
When the vapor touches your hand, it undergoes a phase change to become liquid on your hand, therefore releasing even more energy in the form of heat. However, when boiling water touches your hand, it does not have that extra energy to release because it is already in the liquid phase.
- Mon Jan 27, 2020 4:25 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: boiling points
- Replies: 4
- Views: 568
Re: boiling points
It begins to vaporize when the temperature reaches the boiling point. It stays at that temperature until it's completely vaporized.
- Mon Jan 27, 2020 12:23 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: ∆H
- Replies: 17
- Views: 624
Re: ∆H
Often, if you know what kind of reaction it is, you can determine if it is endothermic or exothermic. For example, breaking a bond is usually endothermic.
- Mon Jan 27, 2020 12:16 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: State Property
- Replies: 6
- Views: 177
Re: State Property
Could someone also explain why heat is not a state property? Thanks!
- Sun Jan 19, 2020 11:53 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Adding Acid/Base to Neutral Water
- Replies: 1
- Views: 76
Re: Adding Acid/Base to Neutral Water
I believe so. If the amount of H3O+ or OH- added is so small, the change in pH is negligible.
- Sun Jan 19, 2020 11:44 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Q
- Replies: 6
- Views: 344
Re: Q
Q is used to determine whether the reaction is at equilibrium or not. The equation for Q is the same equation as the one for K. We compare Q to K to determine which way the reaction is shifted.
- Sun Jan 19, 2020 9:56 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Conjugate Seesaw
- Replies: 5
- Views: 195
Re: Conjugate Seesaw
A strong acid wants to completely dissociate, so it makes sense that the conjugate base would be weak because it is unfavorable for it to form more of the strong acid. The same is true for strong bases. It would be unfavorable for the conjugate acid to form the strong base.
- Sun Jan 19, 2020 9:42 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: reactants and products in dynamic equilibria
- Replies: 3
- Views: 203
Re: reactants and products in dynamic equilibria
It is uncommon for the reactants and products to have the same stability, so the equilibrium lies toward the side that is more stable because a reaction in that direction will happen more readily.
- Sun Jan 19, 2020 9:27 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: 5% rule
- Replies: 4
- Views: 226
Re: 5% rule
When we create ICE charts and and solve for X, we often get in the denominator the initial concentration minus X. However, we use the 5% rule to determine whether it is valid to simply the denominator to simply the initial concentration to make it easier to solve for X. We can do this simplification...
- Sat Jan 18, 2020 4:09 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Exponents and the K constant
- Replies: 4
- Views: 172
Re: Exponents and the K constant
We are essentially multiplying the concentrations of all the products. So if you have R1+R2 <-> 2P, it's like having P + P, so to find K, we multiply [P]x[P], so [P]^2.
- Sat Jan 18, 2020 3:56 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Different types of acids/bases
- Replies: 3
- Views: 126
Re: Different types of acids/bases
I think the only place this would come into play is when writing the chemical equation. After we have the correct chemical equation, we treat the rest of the problem the same with any type of acid or base.
- Sat Jan 18, 2020 3:52 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: pH values of weak and strong acids
- Replies: 6
- Views: 291
Re: pH values of weak and strong acids
Because weak acids do not dissociate completely, some concentration of a weak acid would produce less H3O+ than the same concentration of a strong acid. Therefore, the concentration of H3O+ will be lower with the weak acid, so the pH will be higher.
- Sat Jan 18, 2020 3:36 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 5I 25
- Replies: 4
- Views: 113
Re: 5I 25
It depends on what the question is asking. You would find Q to compare it to K to determine whether the reaction is at equilibrium, and if not, which way it leans toward.
- Tue Jan 14, 2020 5:50 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: concentrations
- Replies: 5
- Views: 101
Re: concentrations
The only factor we have learned that changes K is temperature. K is the ratio of P to R, so when although the concentration of R increases, P proportionally increases to keep the ratio constant. Their individual concentrations change, however their ratio remains.
- Wed Dec 04, 2019 1:43 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Molecules combining with water
- Replies: 5
- Views: 255
Re: Molecules combining with water
Group 1 ions do not usually affect the pH of the solution. That is why K+ is left out.
- Wed Dec 04, 2019 1:40 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Electronegativity and Acid Strength
- Replies: 3
- Views: 177
Re: Electronegativity and Acid Strength
Also, when it has more electronegative atoms, it pulls the electron density away from the OH bond, making the bond weaker, so it's easier for the H to be removed. Thus, it's a stronger acid.
- Wed Dec 04, 2019 1:39 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Definition of Acid
- Replies: 4
- Views: 190
Re: Definition of Acid
Something can be a Lewis acid and Bronsted acid at the same time, but they don't always have to be both. However, they will never contradict each other.
- Wed Dec 04, 2019 1:37 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: How does anion stability contribute to relative acidity?
- Replies: 6
- Views: 432
Re: How does anion stability contribute to relative acidity?
When the anion is stable, the dissociation of the acid is more likely to happen because reactions favor stability. This makes it a stronger acid.
- Wed Dec 04, 2019 10:31 am
- Forum: Lewis Acids & Bases
- Topic: Problem J.9
- Replies: 4
- Views: 167
Re: Problem J.9
How would you do it for ammonia and phosphoric acid?
- Wed Dec 04, 2019 12:03 am
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: J.9
- Replies: 4
- Views: 271
Re: J.9
After taking out H2O because you know water and a salt are formed, try combining the anion of one molecule with the cation of the other to find the salt.
- Tue Dec 03, 2019 11:58 pm
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: HW Problem 6.21
- Replies: 1
- Views: 212
Re: HW Problem 6.21
Where N has a lone pair, it can usually accept a proton.
- Tue Dec 03, 2019 11:55 pm
- Forum: Calculating the pH of Salt Solutions
- Topic: pH Sig Figs
- Replies: 4
- Views: 265
pH Sig Figs
Do leading zeros after the decimal count as significant figures in pH? for example, if there is a pH of 3.043, does the zero count as a sig fig?
- Tue Dec 03, 2019 11:52 pm
- Forum: Calculating the pH of Salt Solutions
- Topic: Anion Exceptions
- Replies: 3
- Views: 247
Re: Anion Exceptions
H2SO4- and H2PO4- are anions that can act as acids, whereas most anions do not. Although they have an overall negative charge, they have more H atoms that they can give up.
- Tue Dec 03, 2019 11:49 pm
- Forum: Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases
- Topic: Hw 6C19
- Replies: 3
- Views: 190
Re: Hw 6C19
In both molecules, the H are bonded to the O. So, we can't use that to differentiate the strength of the H bonds. However, since Cl is more electronegative, it pulls the electrons more toward itself and away from the O-H bond, so the O-H bond becomes weaker, which means the acid is stronger.
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 11:38 pm
- Forum: Identifying Acidic & Basic Salts
- Topic: Salt
- Replies: 5
- Views: 359
Re: Salt
It depends on the salt. The salt will only affect the pH of the water if the dissociated ions are unstable and therefore react with the water. The product of the dissociation can either pull a H atom off of a water molecule, turning into -OH, or add a H atom, making it H3O+.
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 11:31 pm
- Forum: Air Pollution & Acid Rain
- Topic: Carbon Dioxide and respiratory acidosis
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1196
Re: Carbon Dioxide and respiratory acidosis
Does the CO2 make the body more acidic when it interacts with water? Or is it when it interacts with something else? Or by itself?
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 11:28 pm
- Forum: Acidity & Basicity Constants and The Conjugate Seesaw
- Topic: Strong Acids
- Replies: 4
- Views: 301
Strong Acids
Why can strong acids not have a Ka value?
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 11:23 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Resonance Hybrid
- Replies: 4
- Views: 246
Re: Resonance Hybrid
In the resulting anion, resonance makes the anion more stable because it delocalizes the charge of the electrons, so it's distributed more evenly across the molecule. this makes it less likely to react with other surrounding molecules.
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 11:19 pm
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: Conjugate acids and bases with lewis/bronsted acids
- Replies: 3
- Views: 225
Re: Conjugate acids and bases with lewis/bronsted acids
The Lewis definition and Bronsted definition will never contradict each other, so either way, an acid is an acid and the way it reacts doesn't have to do with its definition.
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 11:15 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Electronegativity and acid strength
- Replies: 5
- Views: 255
Re: Electronegativity and acid strength
Electronegativity is one of the ways by which the resulting anion of an acid losing a proton could be stable. When the resulting anion is more stable, the reaction is more likely to occur because reactions favor stability. Since the reaction is more likely to occur, more of the acid will dissociate,...
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 11:07 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: strong v weak acids
- Replies: 8
- Views: 443
Re: strong v weak acids
It would be best to memorize the common strong acids and bases we talked about.
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 11:03 pm
- Forum: Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases
- Topic: Strength of Strong Acids
- Replies: 2
- Views: 207
Strength of Strong Acids
When it comes to strong acids, what conceptually makes one stronger than the other? If a strong acid, by definition, dissociates completely in water, how can there be varying levels of dissociating completely?
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 11:00 pm
- Forum: Air Pollution & Acid Rain
- Topic: Reducing Acid Rain
- Replies: 4
- Views: 716
Re: Reducing Acid Rain
Acid rain results from the sulfur that reacts with the water, so since clean coal has less sulfur, replacing it with "dirty" coal would be one way.
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 10:47 pm
- Forum: Polyprotic Acids & Bases
- Topic: Polyprotic Question!
- Replies: 12
- Views: 1728
Re: Polyprotic Question!
Although having more than one H proton doesn't always mean that it's polyprotic, it's a good sign that it might be because it has multiple protons in the form of H atoms that it can release.
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 10:45 pm
- Forum: Acidity & Basicity Constants and The Conjugate Seesaw
- Topic: pOH
- Replies: 6
- Views: 421
Re: pOH
The p in pH and pOH just means "take the -log of" so if you need the pOH, you do -log[-OH]. Sometimes, you only have enough information to calculate the pOH, but you can then use it to calculate the pH if necessary.
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 10:43 pm
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: conjugate acids/bases
- Replies: 4
- Views: 444
Re: conjugate acids/bases
You can write the formula for conjugate acids and bases by adding the original compound to water, and then showing that the reaction yields OH- and the conjugate acid or H+ and the conjugate base. For acid dissociation: A + H2O -> A- + H30+ A- is the conjugate base For base dissociation: B + H2O -> ...
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 5:34 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Inorganic vs organic
- Replies: 3
- Views: 209
Re: Inorganic vs organic
Organic molecules also contain a carbon atom.
- Mon Dec 02, 2019 5:25 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Relative Acidity
- Replies: 3
- Views: 183
Re: Relative Acidity
When the anion is unstable, the salt changes the pH of the solution because the anion may pull a H proton off of a water molecule, turning it into -OH, making the solution more basic.
- Mon Nov 25, 2019 9:17 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: determining if polydentate
- Replies: 3
- Views: 216
Re: determining if polydentate
This molecule has three Nitrogen atoms, each with a lone pair. Each long pair can form a bond with a cation, so it is tridentate.
- Mon Nov 25, 2019 9:08 pm
- Forum: Biological Examples
- Topic: Cisplatin
- Replies: 8
- Views: 492
Re: Cisplatin
I believe it is because cisplatin has the chlorines pointing in the same general direction, so cisplatin can bond more strongly to DNA, whereas transplatin can only bind to the DNA on one site at a time and can easily be removed off of the DNA strand.
- Mon Nov 25, 2019 9:03 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Homework 9C.3
- Replies: 2
- Views: 99
Re: Homework 9C.3
When naming molecules, you first state the name of the cation, then the anion. Place the name of the complex anion or cation in brackets. Within the brackets, you name the ligands first, in alphabetical order. If there is more than one of any ligand, write the corresponding prefix for the ligand. If...
- Mon Nov 25, 2019 8:54 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Focus 9C.3
- Replies: 4
- Views: 80
Re: Focus 9C.3
The total charge of the whole anion is -3, so the charge of the cation must be +3 in order to neutralize the compound. Since the charge of potassium is +1, there must be three of them to reach a +3 charge.
Re: Oxidation
There isn't really a formula for it. Instead, you use the charge of the whole ion, when given, and the charge of the ligands with a known charge. The total charge of all the ligands and the metal must equal the total charge of the ion, so you figure out what charge the metal must have in order to ma...
- Tue Nov 12, 2019 9:46 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: Electronegativity
- Replies: 5
- Views: 228
Re: Electronegativity
The more valence electrons there are, the more electron-electron repulsion there is. The electrons repel each other, so they aren't pulled toward the nucleus as strongly.
- Tue Nov 12, 2019 9:30 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Bond lengths in molecules
- Replies: 7
- Views: 473
Re: Bond lengths in molecules
Bonds are longer or shorter depending on the distance between the two atoms. If there are multiple bonds, there are more shared electrons, so the atoms are more closely held together and the bonds are shorter. Also, if the atoms are smaller they can be closer together, so smaller atoms also make sho...
- Tue Nov 12, 2019 9:13 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: Polarizing Power
- Replies: 4
- Views: 381
Re: Polarizing Power
You can use the trends on the periodic table we learned to determine which ions have the smallest size. The cations with the smallest size and highest charge have the most polarizing power.
- Tue Nov 12, 2019 9:09 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Van Der Waals BP
- Replies: 6
- Views: 277
Re: Van Der Waals BP
Forces that affect boiling point are based on the strength of the intermolecular forces, so the ones that would most affect BP are the ones that are the strongest. So ionic interactions would have the highest effect, followed by hydrogen bonding, then ion-dipole interactions, and the last few all b...
- Tue Nov 12, 2019 9:04 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Strength of Interactions
- Replies: 4
- Views: 140
Strength of Interactions
Which type of intermolecular interaction is strongest and why?
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 6:49 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Octet confusion
- Replies: 2
- Views: 77
Re: Octet confusion
The s and p orbitals are the most outer orbitals. An octet fils the s, px, py, and pz. When more electrons are added to the d orbital, they go in the d orbital of the lower energy level. For example, once you have 4s, the next electrons go to 3d. Therefore, since the 3d are not in the 4th energy lev...
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 6:38 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Formal Charge Calculation
- Replies: 4
- Views: 206
Re: Formal Charge Calculation
When calculating the formal charge, we want the outer elements to carry the negative charge as opposed to the middle element right? If so, can someone explain why? The element with the lowest ionization energy goes in the middle, which means the middle one is less electronegative than the outer one...
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 6:32 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: Electronegativity
- Replies: 11
- Views: 563
Re: Electronegativity
Electronegativity is how strongly an atom will attract electrons. Generally, as atoms get closer to having a full valence shell, they are more and more likely to gain an electron, which is why electronegativity increases as you go further right on the periodic table.
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 6:18 pm
- Forum: Resonance Structures
- Topic: Resonance
- Replies: 5
- Views: 181
Re: Resonance
Resonance structures still do follow the octet rule because they are just different possible structures for the molecule. Either way, to be stable, most atoms do follow the octet rule.
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 5:49 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Electronegativity
- Replies: 7
- Views: 249
Re: Electronegativity
Electronegativity is a calculated value, but for the test, we will not need to calculate or memorize the values.
- Tue Oct 22, 2019 6:34 pm
- Forum: Einstein Equation
- Topic: Lecture Question!
- Replies: 5
- Views: 195
Re: Lecture Question!
If the energy of the photon exceeds the energy absorbed, the extra energy will be given off as light.
- Tue Oct 22, 2019 6:21 pm
- Forum: Bohr Frequency Condition, H-Atom , Atomic Spectroscopy
- Topic: Balmer and Lyman series
- Replies: 5
- Views: 146
Re: Balmer and Lyman series
Why do these series start at n=1 and not n=0 even though n=0 represents the s orbital?
- Tue Oct 22, 2019 6:17 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Speed of light
- Replies: 13
- Views: 352
Re: Speed of light
The speed of light can be used in regard to all types of electromagnetic radiation.
- Tue Oct 22, 2019 6:12 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Ionization Energies Trend
- Replies: 5
- Views: 194
Re: Ionization Energies Trend
Moving from left to right, the electrons added are in the same energy level. Therefore, the effect of shielding does not increase drastically with the addition of each one in a single period.
- Tue Oct 22, 2019 5:57 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Effective Nuclear Charge
- Replies: 7
- Views: 232
Re: Effective Nuclear Charge
The effective nuclear charge is the less intense attraction that the electron feels when it is shielded by other electrons. Because the full charge of the nucleus does not reach the electron, it is not pulled to the center of the atom as strongly, so this results in a bigger atomic radius.
- Fri Oct 18, 2019 11:53 am
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: G orbital
- Replies: 6
- Views: 402
Re: G orbital
The G orbital does exist, but in their ground state, electrons are not in the G orbital, so it is therefore not represented on the periodic table.
- Fri Oct 18, 2019 11:37 am
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Where to find equations?
- Replies: 5
- Views: 172
Re: Where to find equations?
The equations on the sheet in that link are everything that will be given during a test as well.
- Fri Oct 18, 2019 11:27 am
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Spectrum of light
- Replies: 6
- Views: 290
Re: Spectrum of light
Another note that might help is that ultraviolet is always next to violet, and infrared is always next to red. So, when trying to figure out what order the colors of the visible spectrum are in (starting with violet or red), remember this and the colors should be in order of energy level with the ot...
- Fri Oct 18, 2019 11:19 am
- Forum: Heisenberg Indeterminacy (Uncertainty) Equation
- Topic: Indeterminacy in Position [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 237
Re: Indeterminacy in Position [ENDORSED]
So what distance does Δx represent on the electron level? The change in position between the first energy state and the second? Delta X is the distance in which the electron can be found. For example, in the particle in a box problem, delta x would be the diameter of the box. In atoms, we usually u...
- Fri Oct 18, 2019 11:00 am
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Spin State
- Replies: 17
- Views: 378
Re: Spin State
A +1/2 electron and a -1/2 electron would react differently when exposed to a magnetic field. This number differentiates between the two electrons, but it doesn't literally mean that they are moving in a specific direction.
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 3:11 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Wavelike vs Particle-like Behavior
- Replies: 6
- Views: 235
Re: Wavelike vs Particle-like Behavior
Wavelike properties mean that light travels like the ripples of water; it spreads in diffractions. Particle-like behavior means that each photon of light is a single object the travels like a bullet would. Light has both types of properties.