Search found 51 matches
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 11:14 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Bases
- Topic: Are noble gases considered bases?
- Replies: 9
- Views: 2106
Re: Are noble gases considered bases?
Noble gases have a complete octet so they are usually unreactive. Bases have to be either proton acceptors or electron pair donors so noble gases would not be considered bases.
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 11:10 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: Identifying the need to use DeBroglie Equation
- Replies: 3
- Views: 340
Re: Identifying the need to use DeBroglie Equation
You use de broglie’s equation to find the wavelength of anything that is not light and has a mass since mass is involved in the equation. Examples of these would be protons, electrons, and ions.
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 11:07 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: bis- tris- tetrakis-
- Replies: 8
- Views: 606
Re: bis- tris- tetrakis-
These prefixes are used for polydentate ligand. For example, if there are two ethylenediamines, it would be bisethylenediamine.
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 11:05 pm
- Forum: Lewis Acids & Bases
- Topic: Lewis vs Bronsted
- Replies: 7
- Views: 605
Re: Lewis vs Bronsted
Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor and Lewis base is an electron pair donor. Bronstead acids are proton donors and Bronstead bases are proton acceptors.
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 11:03 pm
- Forum: Amphoteric Compounds
- Topic: Amphiprotic
- Replies: 7
- Views: 510
Re: Amphiprotic
Amphiprotic compounds can both donate and receive H+ so they can act as an acid and a base.
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 11:02 pm
- Forum: General Science Questions
- Topic: Curve
- Replies: 9
- Views: 881
Re: Curve
If you score 250/500 points overall, you will automatically get a C-. If you score more than that, there is no curve and your science corresponds with the matching letter grade.
- Sun Dec 01, 2019 6:03 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: The pH Scale
- Replies: 7
- Views: 470
Re: The pH Scale
I think all we need to know is pH<7 is considered to be an acid, pH>7 is considered to be a base, and pH=7 is considered neutral. Also, I think we should know how to find the pH of a solution given the concentration, and vice versa.
- Sun Dec 01, 2019 5:50 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: final
- Replies: 4
- Views: 305
Re: final
I think acids and bases will be emphasized on the final since we haven't been tested on that yet.
- Sun Dec 01, 2019 5:35 pm
- Forum: Acidity & Basicity Constants and The Conjugate Seesaw
- Topic: Water
- Replies: 5
- Views: 327
Re: Water
Water is constant so it doesn't affect acid and base reactions.
- Sun Dec 01, 2019 5:31 pm
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: NH3, acid or base?
- Replies: 12
- Views: 8070
Re: NH3, acid or base?
NH3 is usually a weak base since it accepts a proton to form NH4+.
- Sun Nov 24, 2019 2:45 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Oxidation states
- Replies: 6
- Views: 380
Re: Oxidation states
The oxidation state of the metal ion is found using the charges of each ligand and the overall charge of the coordination compound. For example, in the coordination compound [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ , the ligand, NH 3 , has a charge of 0 and the compound has an overall charge of 2+. Therefore, Cu has to ha...
- Sun Nov 24, 2019 2:38 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Lone pairs
- Replies: 9
- Views: 549
Re: Lone pairs
The geometry of a molecule determines its hybridization. A molecule with 3 bonded atoms and one lone pair has tetrahedral geometry since it has 4 regions of electron density. This is why the molecule has a hybridization of sp3 even though the molecule only has three bonding regions.
- Sun Nov 24, 2019 2:33 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: How to tell?
- Replies: 11
- Views: 894
Re: How to tell?
Given a chemical equation, you can determine which substance is the acid by counting the hydrogens on each substance before and after the reaction. If the number of hydrogens has decreased, that substance is an acid since acids are hydrogen ion donors.
- Sun Nov 24, 2019 2:29 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Bronsted Acids/ Lewis Acids
- Replies: 2
- Views: 226
Re: Bronsted Acids/ Lewis Acids
A Bronstead-Lowry acid is defined as a substance that donates hydrogen ions, while a Bronstead-Lowry base accepts hydrogen ions. Another way of looking at it is Bronstead-Lowry acids are proton donors, while Bronstead-Lowry bases are proton acceptors. This is the main difference between the two.
- Sun Nov 24, 2019 2:24 pm
- Forum: Biological Examples
- Topic: Cisplatin
- Replies: 15
- Views: 610
Re: Cisplatin
Cisplatin works by attaching itself to DNA in a way that prohibits its function. It bonds to the guanine and adenine bases so the water molecules originally bound to the platinum fall off, and coordinate covalent bonds to the platinum are formed using a lone pair on the nitrogen atom of two guanines...
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 3:43 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Sulfite Ion example in class
- Replies: 6
- Views: 441
Re: Sulfite Ion example in class
Since the sulfite ion has a lone pair, this causes a little more repulsion, causing the bond angles to be slightly less than 109 degrees.
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 3:41 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Test Topics
- Replies: 11
- Views: 717
Re: Test Topics
Using the Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Model (VSEPR) to determine the shape of inorganic, organic, and small biological molecules, cations, and anions, using bond dipole moments and shape to determine if a molecule is polar or non-polar, using shape and polar or non-polar properties, identi...
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 3:36 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Shape of ClO2+
- Replies: 6
- Views: 435
Re: Shape of ClO2+
The electron geometry of ClO2+ is triganol planar since it has three regions of electron density around the central atom. The molecular geometry is bent since there is one lone pair and two bonded atoms around the central atom.
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 2:29 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Strength of bonds
- Replies: 3
- Views: 160
Re: Strength of bonds
I don't think we will be asked to calculate the strength of the bonds. We just need to know the trend in strength of bonds, so which bonds are stronger/weaker than the other.
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 2:28 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: VSPER Formula for Compounds with No Lone Pairs
- Replies: 4
- Views: 260
Re: VSPER Formula for Compounds with No Lone Pairs
The VSEPR formula for a compound with tetrahedral shape would be AX4 since tetrahedral shape molecules have one central atom and 4 atoms bonded to it.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 4:56 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Strongest Bond
- Replies: 15
- Views: 7152
Re: Strongest Bond
Van der waals interaction < hydrogen bond < covalent bond < ionic bond
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 4:49 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: polarizing power
- Replies: 7
- Views: 386
Re: polarizing power
Atoms with high polarizing power are able to cause large distortions in atoms/ions that are very polarizable. Therefore atoms/ions with small atomic radii have high polarizing power since they have a stronger pull on the polarizable atom/ion's electrons.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 4:43 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: D Subshell
- Replies: 7
- Views: 716
Re: D Subshell
A d subshell can hold a maximum of ten electrons since there are 5 orbitals, and two electrons can fit in each orbital.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 4:41 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Electronegative
- Replies: 14
- Views: 799
Re: Electronegative
Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself. Therefore, in a polar bond, the more electronegative atom will attract the electron density toward itself.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 4:37 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Polarity
- Replies: 8
- Views: 214
Re: Polarity
In order to determine whether a molecule is polar or non-polar, you would have to draw out the lewis structure first. Then you would identify the bonds and lone pairs around the central atom. If the molecule has symmetry around the central atom, the dipoles cancel out and the molecule is non-polar. ...
- Sun Nov 03, 2019 6:22 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Biological Impacts of Radicals
- Replies: 4
- Views: 144
Re: Biological Impacts of Radicals
Free radicals in the body damage living cells and tissues in a process called "oxidative stress." Also, as the body ages, it loses its ability to fight off free radicals and this results in the presence of more free radicals in the body, which leads to more oxidative stress and more damage...
- Sun Nov 03, 2019 6:16 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Ionization Energy
- Replies: 2
- Views: 103
Re: Ionization Energy
Oxygen has a lower ionization energy than Nitrogen, which is unexpected according to the periodic trend of ionization energy increasing as you move across a period. This is because an electron being added to an already full orbital in Oxygen will result in electron-electron repulsion, and this will ...
- Sun Nov 03, 2019 6:09 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Electron Configuration Rules
- Replies: 4
- Views: 208
Re: Electron Configuration Rules
The Pauli Exclusion principle states that in an atom, or molecule, no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers since they cannot be at the same place at the same time with the same energy. Also, it states that an orbital can have a maximum of two electrons and electrons in the same orbit...
- Sun Nov 03, 2019 6:05 pm
- Forum: Coordinate Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Definition
- Replies: 17
- Views: 772
Re: Definition
A coordinate covalent bond is a type of covalent bond where the two bonding electrons come from the same atom. In a regular covalent bond, each of the atoms that are forming the bond donate an electron to form the bond.
- Sun Nov 03, 2019 6:01 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Names
- Replies: 4
- Views: 247
Re: Names
I don't think you will be asked to draw the Lewis structure of something that general. I think the question would definitely provide the formula for the Lewis structure you are asked to draw.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 7:24 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Formal Charge and Lone Pairs
- Replies: 4
- Views: 203
Re: Formal Charge and Lone Pairs
You count the electrons individually and not in pairs when calculating formal charge. The formula for calculating formal charge is (number of valence electrons in the neutral atom) - 1/2(number of electrons in covalent bonds) - (number of electrons in lone pairs).
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 7:19 pm
- Forum: Resonance Structures
- Topic: Bond lenghts.
- Replies: 11
- Views: 380
Re: Bond lenghts.
I don't think we need to know how to calculate specific bond lengths. I think all you need to know is that single bonds have longer bond lengths than double bonds which have longer bond lengths than triple bonds.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 7:15 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Electron removal
- Replies: 11
- Views: 383
Re: Electron removal
Electrons further away from the nucleus are easier to remove because they experience shielding from the positively charged nucleus by the inner electrons. Therefore, they don't experience as strong of an attraction to the positively charged nucleus and require less energy to remove.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 7:12 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Ionization Energy
- Replies: 9
- Views: 377
Re: Ionization Energy
Ionization energy is always positive because it requires energy to remove electrons (endothermic). The negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus so it requires extra energy to remove the electrons.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 7:10 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: Determining Element
- Replies: 4
- Views: 122
Re: Determining Element
Quantum numbers are only used to describe the electrons in an element. Therefore, you will not be able to find the specific element given only the quantum numbers.
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 3:20 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Valence electrons
- Replies: 4
- Views: 144
Re: Valence electrons
The valence electrons of chromium include both its 4s and 3d electrons so it has 6 valence electrons in total.
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 3:13 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: Quantum Numbers
- Replies: 2
- Views: 108
Re: Quantum Numbers
The ms quantum number represents the direction of the electron spin. If the electron has an upward spin, ms is equal to positive 1/2. If the electron has a downward spin, ms is equal to negative 1/2.
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 3:09 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Symmetry within the Orbitals
- Replies: 3
- Views: 220
Re: Symmetry within the Orbitals
All s orbitals are spherical in shape so they have spherical symmetry. Therefore, the wave function only depends on the distance from the nucleus and not the direction. The p, d, and f orbitals do not have symmetry since they are not spherically symmetric.
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 2:55 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: electrons
- Replies: 3
- Views: 230
Re: electrons
Electrons farther from the nucleus have higher energy because they don't feel the attraction of the nucleus as strongly due to shielding of the inner electrons. Therefore, it takes less energy to remove electrons farther from the nucleus, and this means they have higher energy.
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 2:50 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Why is copper like this?
- Replies: 6
- Views: 231
Re: Why is copper like this?
Copper and Chromium are exceptions because it is easier to remove a 4s electron and bring it down to the 3d subshell. This creates more stability due to symmetry since it gives them a half filled or completely filled 3d subshell.
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 8:53 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Photoelectric Effect
- Replies: 4
- Views: 149
Re: Photoelectric Effect
The photoelectric experiment has to be done in a vacuum because electrons produced close to the threshold have a relatively low energy. Low energy electrons cannot travel very far in the air before they are defected by collisions and this makes then very difficult to detect without a vacuum.
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 8:14 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Speed of light.
- Replies: 10
- Views: 270
Re: Speed of light.
The speed of light is considered to be constant for our purposes in chemistry, but this is only a postulate since it has not been proved.
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 8:08 pm
- Forum: General Science Questions
- Topic: THe mole
- Replies: 5
- Views: 205
Re: THe mole
One mole is the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12 because the atomic mass scale is defined by the mass of carbon-12. This means that one atomic mass unit is defined to be 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. Therefore, the number of atoms in 12.0000...000 grams of carbon-12 is Avogadro's...
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 4:21 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: Writing out equations
- Replies: 9
- Views: 520
Re: Writing out equations
There is a specific order when writing out chemical formulas. For instance, C6H12O6 (glucose) is never written like H12O6C6. Out of convention, carbon is always the first atom to be listed in chemical formulas and hydrogens are next. Other atoms are listed alphabetically thereafter.
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 3:19 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: knowing how many sig figs to use
- Replies: 17
- Views: 760
Re: knowing how many sig figs to use
I would recommend only rounding to the correct amount of sig figs when you reach your final answer. I would keep the exact value when doing calculations.
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 3:14 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: When are atoms lost or created?
- Replies: 14
- Views: 1721
Re: When are atoms lost or created?
According to Dalton's atomic theory, atoms of one element cannot be converted into atoms of another element, and atoms can neither be created or destroyed in chemical reactions. The law of conservation of mass also supports this.
- Thu Oct 03, 2019 10:48 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: Writing out equations
- Replies: 9
- Views: 520
Re: Writing out equations
Usually when writing the formula for compounds, you write the cation (atom that is positively charged and this is usually a metal) followed by the anion (atom that is negatively charged and this is usually a nonmetal). In the case of SiH4, Si should be written first since it a metal that has a charg...
- Thu Oct 03, 2019 10:37 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: Homework H.7
- Replies: 2
- Views: 182
Re: Homework H.7
You should balance this equation similar to the way you balance a combustion reaction. Therefore, you should balance the Hydrogens first, then the Nitrogens, then the Oxygens.
- Thu Oct 03, 2019 10:31 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: Question about Showing Work
- Replies: 22
- Views: 991
Re: Question about Showing Work
It is definitely good to show all your steps when solving a problem because it will be easier to pinpoint the exact step in which you made an error when you are trying to learn from the problems you got wrong on the test. If you don't show your work, you won't know exactly where you went wrong, whic...
- Thu Oct 03, 2019 10:03 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: Knowing Units
- Replies: 7
- Views: 366
Re: Knowing Units
I think you will need to memorize conversions that are used frequently in chemistry such as 1 L = 1000 mL ,1 kg = 1000g, and Kelvin = Celsius + 273 but I'm not necessarily sure about the conversion from pm to m.
- Tue Oct 01, 2019 6:06 pm
- Forum: Molarity, Solutions, Dilutions
- Topic: Empirical and Molecular Formulas
- Replies: 13
- Views: 596
Re: Empirical and Molecular Formulas
The molar mass of the molecule will be given if you are to find the molecular formula.