CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Avnita C_4B

It is better to know the relation but it won't be directly asked on the final, I believe. Because it is cumulative, any information is fair deal if shared in lectures or discussion sections, so have a heads up.

Avnita C_4B

The two compounds are exceptions because they can act as acid and give off H while most anions are not able to due to their charges.

Avnita C_4B

We would have 2 HCl and the equation would look like: 2HCl+CaO-->CaCl2+H2O (hopefully this is right) We won't be using the ice table in 14a because all the problems will involve strong acids that completely disassociate so finding pH would be using the same amount given to the strong acid. We will d...

Avnita C_4B

the zero acts as a placeholder after the decimal so it is counted as a part of the sig fig.

Avnita C_4B

If no hydrogens are available, you look at the compounds using the definitions of Lewis base/acid whether they are accepting electrons or donating electrons.

Avnita C_4B

Know the definitions of the bronzed acids and bases because we just need to know how to distinguish them from the definitions of Arrhenius or Lewis. We will learn more about them in 14b.

Avnita C_4B

The chart provided by Dr. Lavelle is the safest bet in memorizing the way to name the coordination compounds that he taught us in class.

Avnita C_4B

brackets are the symbol for the coordination sphere that has all the compound that are coordinating inside the sphere.

Avnita C_4B

the acid and bases on the reactant side, when it goes into the product side, the base that accepts the H+ becomes the conjugate acid while the acid that loses H+ becomes conjugate base.

Avnita C_4B

every reaction involving acids and/or bases have the equilibrium arrows but the strong acids and bases completely dissociate and do not go to its original form so the equilibrium arrow does not work. For weak acids and bases, the equilibrium arrows are more emphasized as they can reverse back to its...

Avnita C_4B

Either will work as long as you use the word for right shape. In class, Professor uses bent so you can go with bent if it is easier for you.

Avnita C_4B

Hydrogen bonding is a bond between. molecule with N, O, or F with H. Water can have upto 4 sites for H bonds because water has two H bonded and two lone pairs on O to which two more can bond, creating H bonding.

Avnita C_4B

Yes we need the definition and how they are present in the bonds. In the triple bond, there would be 1 sigma and 2 pi bonds most of the time.

Avnita C_4B

Due to the repulsion of the lone pairs, they should be less than 90 and 120.

Avnita C_4B

A is the central atom and AX2E is considered as bent shape.

Avnita C_4B

Hydrogen bonding occurs with H being covalently bonded to any of the N,O,F elements as it is the intermolecular force felt by the H with the N,O,F and another lone pair of H with N,O,F bonded.

Avnita C_4B

CHI3 does due to the size being greater than CHF3 so the boiling point increases for I.

Avnita C_4B

When the molecules has similar structures, we look at the size to see which one has a higher boiling point. As the size increases, the boiling point increases as well.

Avnita C_4B

you can do the hw from the chemical bonds outline if you haven't finished doing so, and also go to the next outline. Just has to be material covered in class as of now.

Avnita C_4B

Covalent bonding is considered as intramolecular force as it holds atoms together in a molecule but intermolecular forces are forces of attraction or repulsion between molecules.

Avnita C_4B

we don't have to memorize the specific experiments but the concepts may come up in the tests, so maybe going over them might be helpful.

Avnita C_4B

We don't have to memorize them, they are just references to better understand the orbitals.

Avnita C_4B

you should follow what the question wants as the final result, most of the time it will ask in standard units so you will be fine.

Avnita C_4B

most of the times, the central atom is always the one with the lowest ionization energy. In this case, even though Br sounds like a perfect match, if you look up the ionization energy of the elements, carbon is slightly lower than bromine.

Avnita C_4B

we write 3d before 4s due to the location of the electrons on that orbital and how they react with losing/gaining electrons.

Avnita C_4B

It is easier to have a physical copy of periodic table and highlight the different blocks on there to make life easier. It has helped me personally in memorizing the orbitals and their characteristics.

Avnita C_4B

Valence electrons increase by 1 as you go from left to right on the periodic table. So it goes from 1 such as Li to 8 such as Ne.

Avnita C_4B

The valence electrons for nonmetals are mostly 2 due to the charge of the s orbital being more than the d orbital and those 2 electrons are engaged in any bonds created with the certain nonmetal.

Avnita C_4B

it does not always show up where the middle element has a formal charge of 0 but it is better if it does. To look for the resonance of the molecule and to find the most stable lewis structure, you have to find the formal charge of the elements in the molecule to see how the charge is distributed.

Avnita C_4B

Cl has 7 valence electrons, the valence electrons go in order of the row so it increases by 1 as you go from left to right. The noble gases are stable as they have full 8 valence electrons and do not involve in the bonds associated with the other elements.

Avnita C_4B

Except the homework problems, we won't be really tested on the f orbital on our midterms and finals. It comes up as the textbook has problems for all the orbitals but we just give more attention to s, p, and d orbitals.

Avnita C_4B

We are still under the quantum world but under section 1D so you can do the problems under 1D for this week.

Avnita C_4B

I do not think you have to memorize every element under the categories but a quick way to memorize the placements of the elements is by highlighting the parts on a physical periodic table, so you see which areas are under metal, metalloids, and nonmetal. Draw the diagonal line on the right side of t...

Avnita C_4B

You just do the homework under the quantum world section but under 1D as it specifically goes over the topics discussed in class as of now.

Avnita C_4B

This week we still do the homework under the quantum world, just go over the 1D section as it talks about all the topics we covered and do homework under the assigned problems of 1D.

Avnita C_4B

If a problem has several amounts given with different significant figures, it is best to at least have the lowest significant figure given by the problems. To be sure, ask your TA as significant figures are essential for points on tests.

Avnita C_4B

It is best to use 2.99*10^8 as it is more accurate but make sure you ask your TA about it because when using it, you have to be careful about significant figures of the end result.

Avnita C_4B

The math done in this class is pretty straight forward if you follow the formulas given in the problems and use the formula sheet. I do not think knowing calculus will advance anything as Professor Lavelle goes through each type of math used in lectures. You should be fine.

Avnita C_4B

The mass is given in the sheet but for your best, just memorize the mass so it gets easier when significant figures are at stake.

Avnita C_4B

We just need to know what the signs mean in case of the electron spinning upwards or downwards, not putting an emphasis on the charge of the +1/2 or -1/2. They act as placeholders when looking for the orbitals using the numbers in parenthesis such as (2, 1, 0, 1/2).

Avnita C_4B

If any problems have multiple numbers with different amounts of sig. figs., write your answer in the lowest number of sig. figs. Just talk to your TA about it more because they will let you know how the sig. figs. are looked at and graded.

Avnita C_4B

It will be easier to see which element already has the largest amount on the reactant side and see the proportion of the same element on the product side. One by one, plug in the coefficients. If you have to, rewrite the new balanced equation and recheck your coefficients to see if both sides have s...

Avnita C_4B

7.00x10^2 and 700 are the same numbers but different notation. So the significant figures for both are 3 as the sig. figures are based on the amount of integers, including 0 after a number or decimal.

Avnita C_4B

Out of the reactants given, finding the limiting reactant helps to find the accurate amount of moles for the products and which reactant is in excess. Using the reactant with is limited, the moles can be calculated and give out the moles of the products as well as the amount of the other reactants w...

Avnita C_4B

No it does not matter, as long as you show all your work and label your homework with your name, UID, and discussion section.

Avnita C_4B

For using the molar mass of any element, you would usually go for 2-3 sig. figures but when you write your answer, it must match up to the correct amount of sig. figures given in the question. For something like Hydrogen, the amount mostly correlates to 1g/mol.

Avnita C_4B

I believe we get to do five questions from the textbook which is due at the beginning of lecture this Friday, Oct. 4. The remaining hw, including the quantum problems, are due in your discussion class as he will go over the topic by your next lecture class.

Avnita C_4B

Ionic bonds are way stronger than covalent unless you look for the hydrogen bonding with fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen. It depends on the interactions between the atoms that causes the differences.

Avnita C_4B

As each step may carry points that we might to know of, it is of your best interest to show all the steps. It may be tedious but you will be glad once they are graded. It goes for both homework and classwork activities.

Avnita C_4B

nitric acid falls under the table of memorizing specific ions and their acid/base compounds. Even if you do not perform the calculations for finding empirical formula, nitric acid is derived from the the combination of N and O, for which we have to memorize the ions. Then, you simply add H+ as it is...

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