Search found 125 matches
- Thu Mar 12, 2020 10:49 am
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: 7b.3c - where did the ln come from?
- Replies: 6
- Views: 372
Re: 7b.3c - where did the ln come from?
The natural log comes from rearranging the first order rate law: ln[A] = -kt + ln[A]initial
- Thu Mar 12, 2020 10:48 am
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: 7A.17
- Replies: 3
- Views: 278
Re: 7A.17
And also for problem c) check the unit. The unit difference might be because of unit conversion in this question. The answer key converts everything to mol. But if you have your answers in mmol then the unit will be different.
- Thu Mar 12, 2020 10:39 am
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: 7A.3
- Replies: 6
- Views: 431
Re: 7A.3
The question is already stating "rate of consumption" of oxygen therefore sign is already taken into account in this case.
- Thu Mar 12, 2020 10:36 am
- Forum: *Enzyme Kinetics
- Topic: 7.17
- Replies: 3
- Views: 418
Re: 7.17
An intermediate is a substance that is created by one elementary step and further react with other substances to give the final products. The graph shows that there are two intermediates because there're three steps in total, so the first two elementary steps must have produced some forms of interme...
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 9:31 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Observed and experimental rate
- Replies: 1
- Views: 194
Observed and experimental rate
What are the differences between observant rate and experimental rate? Will there be circumstances that they don’t match for a given reaction?
- Fri Mar 06, 2020 2:16 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: galvanic cells
- Replies: 8
- Views: 606
Re: galvanic cells
If you are given the cell potential then the more positive one is the cathode. Since in a galvanic cell Ecell =Ecathode - Eanode has to be positive.
- Fri Mar 06, 2020 2:14 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Values of Andode and Cathode
- Replies: 8
- Views: 539
Re: Values of Andode and Cathode
I believe the reduction potentials will be given to us on the test.
- Fri Mar 06, 2020 2:13 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Half rxns
- Replies: 27
- Views: 1358
Re: Half rxns
When balancing acidic reactions you balance O using H2O and H with H+
When balancing basic reactions you balance O using H20 and H with H2O then adding OH- to the opposite side
When balancing basic reactions you balance O using H20 and H with H2O then adding OH- to the opposite side
- Wed Mar 04, 2020 1:04 am
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 6.65
- Replies: 3
- Views: 333
6.65
What range does a voltmeter need to have to measure pH in the range of 1 to 14 at 25 Celsius degree if the voltage is zero at pH=7.
How do we know if we are solving for Ecell or Enot here? And this might be a silly question but why is that K=[H+]/[OH-]in this question?
How do we know if we are solving for Ecell or Enot here? And this might be a silly question but why is that K=[H+]/[OH-]in this question?
- Mon Mar 02, 2020 8:41 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Negative standard reduction potential
- Replies: 3
- Views: 251
Negative standard reduction potential
If a reaction has a negative standard reduction potential what does it mean? For example does it mean that oxidation of the reactants will be favored?
- Thu Feb 27, 2020 11:52 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 6N.15
- Replies: 1
- Views: 189
6N.15
Calculate the potential of a cell constructed with two nickel electrodes. The electrolyte in one compartment is 1.0M Ni(NO3)2(aq). In the other compartment,NaOH has been added to a Ni(NO3)2 solution until the pH = 11.0 at 298K. I’m having trouble identifying which compartment is the anode and which ...
- Thu Feb 27, 2020 9:45 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 6N 3c)
- Replies: 1
- Views: 233
6N 3c)
When we are using the Nernst equation to calculate E, why is it that when calculating Q we can mix concentration and partial pressure together? What should the unit of partial pressure be converted to in this case? For example in 3c, logQ = log (P Cl2)(P H2)in torr / [Cl-]^2[H+]^2in molarity
- Thu Feb 27, 2020 9:41 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 6N.1 b)
- Replies: 1
- Views: 148
Re: 6N.1 b)
I got that answer too and I think it might be a typo. (I’m not 100% sure)
- Tue Feb 25, 2020 11:41 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 6L 7c
- Replies: 1
- Views: 148
6L 7c
The reaction is Cd(s) + 2Ni(OH)3(s)—->Cd(OH)2(s) + 2Ni(OH)2(s)
The cell diagram is Cd(s)|Cd(OH)2|KOH || Ni(OH)3|Ni(OH)2|Ni(s)
Where does the solid Nickel comes from on the cathode end? Why can’t Ni(OH)2 be the conducting electrode since it’s also a solid?
The cell diagram is Cd(s)|Cd(OH)2|KOH || Ni(OH)3|Ni(OH)2|Ni(s)
Where does the solid Nickel comes from on the cathode end? Why can’t Ni(OH)2 be the conducting electrode since it’s also a solid?
- Tue Feb 25, 2020 1:59 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Writing Cell diagram
- Replies: 2
- Views: 192
Writing Cell diagram
If we have two aqueous for the cathode side does it matter how we write the order of those two aqueous substances?
For example if on the cathode Ce4+ is reduced to Ce3+, does it matter if we write Ce4+,Ce3+|Pt(s) or Ce3+,Ce4+|Pt(s) in the cell diagram?
For example if on the cathode Ce4+ is reduced to Ce3+, does it matter if we write Ce4+,Ce3+|Pt(s) or Ce3+,Ce4+|Pt(s) in the cell diagram?
- Tue Feb 25, 2020 1:52 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 6L 5d
- Replies: 2
- Views: 188
6L 5d
The question gives Au+ (aq) ------> Au 3+(aq) + Au(s) and asks us to write the half reactions and balanced reactions and draw a cell diagram. The solution manual solution is below. Why isn't Au+ both the one being reduced and oxidized in this reaction?
- Thu Feb 20, 2020 12:33 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Replies: 5
- Views: 286
Re: Balancing Redox Reactions
It is safer to first write out all the oxidation number of the species in the reaction so that you can clearly see what is being reduced and what is being oxidized.
- Thu Feb 20, 2020 12:31 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: HW 6K.3
- Replies: 2
- Views: 217
Re: HW 6K.3
The change in oxidation number is not the change in number of electrons. S2O3 2- actually lost 8 electrons because when you write out the half reactions, you have to make sure the oxidation half and the reduction half reactions have the same number of electrons that can cancel out when adding them t...
- Thu Feb 20, 2020 12:03 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: 6K.5 partA
- Replies: 2
- Views: 202
6K.5 partA
The question asks to balance the reaction O3 + Br- ——> O2 + BrO3-
I don’t see why oxygen is reduced here since its oxidation number doesn’t change from O3 to O2, could someone please explain?
I don’t see why oxygen is reduced here since its oxidation number doesn’t change from O3 to O2, could someone please explain?
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 10:35 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: 5G.17
- Replies: 2
- Views: 233
Re: 5G.17
Hi Junwei Sun 4I! To answer your question, because the reaction quotient value is greater than the value of K at this temperature, the reaction will proceed to form more reactants (I 2 gas). The graph is depicting this instance. As time progresses, the reaction will start to form more I 2 , hence t...
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 10:35 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Potential difference between electrodes
- Replies: 3
- Views: 274
Potential difference between electrodes
In class today Dr. Lavelle gives the expression delta Φ = E as i goes to 0.
Could some one please explain this expression? What does Φ stands for and why it equals to E as current goes to zero?
Could some one please explain this expression? What does Φ stands for and why it equals to E as current goes to zero?
- Tue Feb 18, 2020 10:32 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: 5G.17
- Replies: 2
- Views: 233
5G.17
The question asks to draw a graph that depicts the reaction in question 5G.13 which is I2(g) --> 2I(g) at 1200.K (K=6.8) when the partial pressure of I2 and I are 0.13 bar and 0.98 bar respectively. The answer key gives this graph but I still don't quite get what it means. Could someone please expla...
- Thu Feb 13, 2020 9:12 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: equilibrium concentrations
- Replies: 7
- Views: 499
Re: equilibrium concentrations
Concentrations should be given in mol per liter or Molarity
- Thu Feb 13, 2020 9:10 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Pizza Rolls review number 6
- Replies: 2
- Views: 237
Re: Pizza Rolls review number 6
Because the initial and final states are the same. Both internal energy and entropy are state functions, which means they do not depend on the path taken. In this problem eventually pressure and volume are restored to their initial states, therefore deltaU and deltaS are both zero.
- Thu Feb 13, 2020 9:07 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Last Question on the Midterm [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 476
Re: Last Question on the Midterm [ENDORSED]
I think the last question is about finding entropy for reversible and irreversible pathway. For the reversible isothermal pathway deltaS total would be zero and therefore deltaS system plus deltaS of surrounding would be zero. I think for the question we can calculate deltaS for the system by using ...
- Thu Feb 13, 2020 9:00 pm
- Forum: Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy
- Topic: Residual Entropy
- Replies: 7
- Views: 544
Re: Residual Entropy
Residual entropy is essentially the entropy due to positions. A perfectly ordered crystal has an entropy of zero at 0K because it has no thermal entropy neither positional entropy.
- Mon Feb 10, 2020 7:37 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Initial and Final States [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 73
Initial and Final States [ENDORSED]
So I understand that if the initial and the final states are the same then change in entropy and internal energy will be zero since they are state functions. But what are the states we are referring to in this case? Is it temperature, volume, pressure, or all of them?
- Thu Feb 06, 2020 10:24 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Positive ∆S
- Replies: 5
- Views: 295
Re: Positive ∆S
I think we can only tell if a reaction is spontaneous or not from Gibbs free energy which has the formula ∆G = ∆H - T∆S. ∆S is only one of the variable in this equation and there are other factors in this equation that affect the value of ∆G.
- Thu Feb 06, 2020 10:21 pm
- Forum: Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy
- Topic: Boltzmann Constant
- Replies: 2
- Views: 54
Re: Boltzmann Constant
The Boltzmann constant basically relates energy with temperature.More specifically it relates the average kinetic energy of the particles with the temperature. Its unit is energy over temperature which is the same with entropy.
- Thu Feb 06, 2020 10:16 pm
- Forum: Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy
- Topic: 4G.5
- Replies: 1
- Views: 93
4G.5
The question is: Considering positional order, would you expect a crystal of octahedral cis-MX2Y4 to have the same, higher, or lower residual entropy than the corresponding trans isomer? Explain your conclusion. The solution manual says that cis-MX2Y4 has 12 orientations whereas the trans isomer onl...
- Thu Feb 06, 2020 9:44 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Entropy change at Low Temperature
- Replies: 3
- Views: 158
Entropy change at Low Temperature
In class professor Lavelle talked about that given the amount of heat transfer, entropy change is more significant at a lower temperature. Could some please clarify why?
- Thu Feb 06, 2020 7:39 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Second Law
- Replies: 1
- Views: 71
Second Law
The second law of thermodynamics says that change in entropy, ΔS = q/T. Can this equation only be used when energy is transferred reversibly or we can also use this equation when the energy transfer is irreversible?
- Fri Jan 31, 2020 1:22 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: 4D.15
- Replies: 4
- Views: 138
Re: 4D.15
The final enthalpy should be +1560-1300-2(286)=-312kJ
- Fri Jan 31, 2020 1:18 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: qp and qv
- Replies: 8
- Views: 346
Re: qp and qv
Because by definition H is the heat transferred at constant pressure.
- Fri Jan 31, 2020 1:15 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: 4D.15
- Replies: 4
- Views: 138
Re: 4D.15
The equations the solution manual uses are combustion reactions. Because we are told the substances’ enthalpy of combustion we can first write out those combustion reactions as the solution manual did. A combustion reaction happens when a substance reacts with water and produces CO2 and H2O. You got...
- Fri Jan 31, 2020 1:08 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: hess's law
- Replies: 13
- Views: 308
Re: hess's law
Yes they need to be on opposite side to be cancelled out.
- Fri Jan 31, 2020 1:07 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Phase Changes
- Replies: 17
- Views: 672
Re: Phase Changes
That’s correct because during a phase change energy is used to overcome the intermolecular forced between molecules instead of raising the actual temperature of the substance.
- Fri Jan 31, 2020 9:37 am
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: standard reaction enthalpy vs. standard enthalpy of formation
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1026
Re: standard reaction enthalpy vs. standard enthalpy of formation
Standard reaction enthalpy is the enthalpy of the overall reaction; whereas standard enthalpy of formation is the enthalpy change of forming one mole of a substance from its elements. We can use standard enthalpy of formation to calculate enthalpy change for the overall reaction.
- Thu Jan 23, 2020 12:20 am
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: H20 in the ICE table
- Replies: 26
- Views: 1402
Re: H20 in the ICE table
In an ICE table we leave about liquids and solids. If the H2O is in gas phase then it will be included in the ICE table as well.
- Thu Jan 23, 2020 12:18 am
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Exothermic vs. Endothermic reactions
- Replies: 12
- Views: 915
Re: Exothermic vs. Endothermic reactions
It is possible in the context of the Le Chatelier's principle. For example how will the equilibrium shift if temperature is increased/decreased given a reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
- Thu Jan 23, 2020 12:15 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Test 1 Practice Worksheet #5
- Replies: 6
- Views: 227
Re: Test 1 Practice Worksheet #5
I got 8.62 too maybe you forget to convert pKa to pKb since C6H7O2-(aq) is a base. And you first calculate pOH and then subtract and get the pH value.
- Thu Jan 23, 2020 12:09 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Acidity Constant
- Replies: 4
- Views: 91
Re: Acidity Constant
Ka x Kb equals a constant Kw at 25 degree Celsius. Therefore a big Ka value would imply a small Kb value.
- Thu Jan 23, 2020 12:06 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 5% rule
- Replies: 13
- Views: 580
5% rule
When do we use the 5% rule? Do we only use it in acid and base equilibrium questions or any equilibrium questions?
- Fri Jan 17, 2020 12:51 am
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Exothermic
- Replies: 5
- Views: 244
Re: Exothermic
Molecules tend to be in the lowest energy state to be the most stable. When a bond is formed the molecules become more stable, therefore heat is released so the molecules' energy lowered. Whereas when breaking a bond the molecules become more unstable, which means it is not in its lowest energy state.
- Fri Jan 17, 2020 12:47 am
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Solids and Liquids in Le Chatelier
- Replies: 5
- Views: 3206
Re: Solids and Liquids in Le Chatelier
No removing or adding a solid or liquid would not affect the equilibrium since they are not included in the equilibrium expression K.
- Thu Jan 16, 2020 7:39 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Bar and atm
- Replies: 1
- Views: 99
Bar and atm
When we are writing out the equilibrium expression Kp should the partial pressures always be in bar? If given atm do we have to covert that to bar and then calculate Kp?
- Mon Jan 13, 2020 12:37 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Increase pressure by half the volume
- Replies: 3
- Views: 114
Increase pressure by half the volume
How will the equilibrium shift if pressure is increased by halting the volume?
- Mon Jan 13, 2020 12:33 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Solid and Liquid
- Replies: 5
- Views: 180
Solid and Liquid
Why is it that when we write the expression for K we don't include solid and liquid? Is it because their concentration does not change or is it that the change is insignificant? Also for solid and liquid do we always write them as 1 in the equilibrium expression?
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 11:45 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Textbook 5H.1 Part 1
- Replies: 4
- Views: 127
Re: Textbook 5H.1 Part 1
We get the square root of 41 because the stoichiometric coefficients of all molecules in the original equation are all multiplied by 1/2. Therefore we get the value of the new K by taking the square root of the original K value.
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 11:42 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Solving for K (coefficients)
- Replies: 11
- Views: 512
Re: Solving for K (coefficients)
The coefficients become the power of the molar concentrations in the expression for K and they have to be assigned to the specific molecules as they are in the chemical equation. For example in H2 + I2 --> 2HI,
[H2] and [I2] will have a power of 1
[HI] will have a power of 2
[H2] and [I2] will have a power of 1
[HI] will have a power of 2
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 11:37 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: 5G1 true/false
- Replies: 8
- Views: 258
Re: 5G1 true/false
This statement is false since even if you start with a higher pressure of reactants, this would only result in production of more products and in the end the equilibrium constant remains the same.The value of K is not affected by the addition of products and reactants as long as the temperature is t...
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 11:34 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Reaction Quotient (Q)
- Replies: 8
- Views: 288
Re: Reaction Quotient (Q)
The reaction quotient Q is calculated in the same way with K using the same expression. However the difference is that when you look for Q the concentration/partial pressure values you plugged in are not yet at equilibrium. Reaction quotient Q is important since we can use it to determine which way ...
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 11:14 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: K and Q Values
- Replies: 5
- Views: 179
Re: K and Q Values
When Q>K, more reactants will tend to be formed so the reaction can reach equilibrium. The reverse reaction in this case is favored.
- Thu Dec 05, 2019 5:23 pm
- Forum: Identifying Acidic & Basic Salts
- Topic: Acid protonation
- Replies: 4
- Views: 327
Re: Acid protonation
505106414 wrote:What exactly is protonation? What is happening to an acid undergoing protonation?
Protonation is the process in which a proton H+ is added to an atom, ion, or molecule and form a conjugate acid.An acid undergoing protonation gets a proton.
- Thu Dec 05, 2019 5:21 pm
- Forum: Identifying Acidic & Basic Salts
- Topic: Acid protonation
- Replies: 4
- Views: 327
Re: Acid protonation
The acid gets protonated when pH of the solution is smaller than the acid's pKa value. If pH<pKa, it implies that the solution is more acidic than the acid. In this case the solution will act like an acid and donate a proton. This proton will be picked up by the pKa acid and it will be protonated. I...
- Thu Dec 05, 2019 5:14 pm
- Forum: Identifying Acidic & Basic Salts
- Topic: Names of Acids and Bases
- Replies: 3
- Views: 157
Re: Names of Acids and Bases
I don't think we need to know them but I will do it just in case it shows up.
- Thu Dec 05, 2019 5:13 pm
- Forum: Identifying Acidic & Basic Salts
- Topic: Salt
- Replies: 5
- Views: 358
Re: Salt
It depends on the salt you have. For example, NaCl will not affect the pH of water because it is a neutral salt. However, NH4Cl will lower the pH of water because NH4+ make water acidic.
- Thu Dec 05, 2019 5:09 pm
- Forum: Identifying Acidic & Basic Salts
- Topic: Lecture
- Replies: 3
- Views: 120
Re: Lecture
Cl- ion does not affect pH of water because it is a stable ion. It will not tend to bind to hydrogen atoms in water because itself is already stable. Therefore it will not cause any change in pH. And typically group one and group two cations metals are neutral.
- Thu Dec 05, 2019 4:34 pm
- Forum: Acidity & Basicity Constants and The Conjugate Seesaw
- Topic: 6C.21 B)
- Replies: 1
- Views: 162
6C.21 B)
6C.21 B) asks whether CH3COOH or HCOOH is a stronger acid. How can you tell? I know the solution manual says that -CH3 group has electron donating properties but why is that? Thank you.
- Thu Dec 05, 2019 4:10 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: 6C.19
- Replies: 1
- Views: 65
6C.19
Homework question 6C.19 d) asks whether HClO4 or H3PO4 is a stronger acid. How can we tell? Thanks.
- Wed Nov 27, 2019 10:17 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Relative Acidity
- Replies: 1
- Views: 71
Relative Acidity
Why does delocalized electrons imply stable anions? In other words why is the anion stabilized by electron withdrawing atoms?
- Wed Nov 27, 2019 10:12 pm
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: strength of an acid and its conjugate base
- Replies: 3
- Views: 235
Re: strength of an acid and its conjugate base
Yes this is true. Conjugate base of a strong acid will be a weak base. Conjugate base of a weak acid will be a strong base. The stronger the acid/base, the weaker its conjugate base/acid, and vice versa.
- Wed Nov 27, 2019 10:10 pm
- Forum: Lewis Acids & Bases
- Topic: Lewis acid vs regular acid?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 292
Re: Lewis acid vs regular acid?
They are talking about the same thing. Lewis acid is just one of the definitions of acids. All acids can be said in two different definitions, which are bronsted definition and lewis definition.In bronsted definition the acts is the proton(H+) donor, and in lewis definition the acid is the electron ...
- Wed Nov 27, 2019 10:07 pm
- Forum: Lewis Acids & Bases
- Topic: Proton acceptor and proton donor?
- Replies: 33
- Views: 2030
Re: Proton acceptor and proton donor?
Acids are the proton donor and bases are the proton acceptor (Bronsted definition).
- Mon Nov 25, 2019 8:26 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Prefixes
- Replies: 1
- Views: 107
Prefixes
In homework problem 9C.3 there's a complex name containing "bisoxalato." What's the difference between using bi-, tri-, tetra- and using bis-, tris-, and tetrakis- and when do we use each set of prefixes? Thanks!
- Mon Nov 25, 2019 8:20 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Question on naming coordinate compound
- Replies: 2
- Views: 117
Question on naming coordinate compound
In the textbook it writes iron as "ferrate" in the complex with an overall negative charge. For example hexacyanidoferrate(II) ion. I'm just curious if there is such thing as "ironate" or it is a rule to write iron as "ferrate" when we are naming a complex with overall ...
- Fri Nov 22, 2019 10:38 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: transition metals
- Replies: 3
- Views: 239
Re: transition metals
Transition metals having many oxidation states make them good for electron transfer.
- Fri Nov 22, 2019 10:36 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Chelating Ligands
- Replies: 2
- Views: 193
Re: Chelating Ligands
According to my notes, a chelate complex is a complex containing ligands that form a ring of atoms that include the central metal atom. Chelating ligands can bind cations really tightly, therefore such complexes such as EDTA, is good at removing metals from solution because the metal ion is bounded ...
- Fri Nov 22, 2019 10:29 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Coordination Sphere
- Replies: 6
- Views: 296
Re: Coordination Sphere
Ligands directly attacked to central ion make up the coordinate sphere.
- Thu Nov 21, 2019 10:42 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: NH3 replaces H20 ligands
- Replies: 2
- Views: 191
NH3 replaces H20 ligands
In class Dr. Lavelle talked about transition metal cations in solution form complex with H20, and when NH3 or K+CN- are added those species will replace the H20 ligands. Why does that happen and how? Thanks!
- Thu Nov 21, 2019 10:33 pm
- Forum: Biological Examples
- Topic: Cisplatin
- Replies: 4
- Views: 401
Re: Cisplatin
Basically cisplatin forms a coordinate compound with the DNA strands by binding its two Chlorine atoms to DNA. Since there are two places that are bounded cisplatin bounds to DNA really tightly. When cell division happens cisplatin blocked the enzyme from going through, therefore stopping DNA replic...
- Thu Nov 21, 2019 10:29 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: lone pairs in hybridization
- Replies: 8
- Views: 503
Re: lone pairs in hybridization
Yes lone pairs are counted as areas of electron density just like the bounding electrons.
- Fri Nov 15, 2019 4:20 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: varying VSEPRs
- Replies: 7
- Views: 433
Re: varying VSEPRs
No the shape does not vary. Just like resonance structures does not matter in VSEPR model.
- Fri Nov 15, 2019 4:15 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: vsepr formula
- Replies: 3
- Views: 142
Re: vsepr formula
A represent the central atom.
X represents the bonded atoms.
E represents the lone pairs.
For example if you have NH3 you got central atom N with three atoms bonded to it and one lone pair, therefore the notation should be AX3E.
X represents the bonded atoms.
E represents the lone pairs.
For example if you have NH3 you got central atom N with three atoms bonded to it and one lone pair, therefore the notation should be AX3E.
- Fri Nov 15, 2019 4:13 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: How to tell polar or non polar from lewis structure?
- Replies: 9
- Views: 683
How to tell polar or non polar from lewis structure?
Could someone please clarify how we can tell if a molecule is polar or non-polar from looking at its lewis structure? What are some factors in a lewis structure that will make a molecule polar?
- Fri Nov 15, 2019 4:11 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: why are double bonds equally weighted as single ones when drawing models?
- Replies: 10
- Views: 1943
Re: why are double bonds equally weighted as single ones when drawing models?
VSEPR model only takes in consideration of region of electron density. Therefore having a double bond or a single bond indicate the same, one region of electron density.
- Fri Nov 15, 2019 4:09 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Bond Angles
- Replies: 6
- Views: 310
Re: Bond Angles
I agree with the above posts of doing more practice problems.Also if you remember the repulsion strength order in which lone pair - lone pair repulsion is bigger than lone pair - bonding pair repulsion is bigger than bonding pair - bonding pair repulsion it also helps. Since when you draw out the le...
- Fri Nov 15, 2019 4:03 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: nonpolar molecules
- Replies: 5
- Views: 268
Re: nonpolar molecules
All non-polar molecules have London Dispersion forces but be careful sometimes in the presence of a polar molecule they can also have dipole-induced dipole forces.
- Fri Nov 15, 2019 4:00 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Why does SO2 molecules have dipole-dipole interations?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 2115
Re: Why does SO2 molecules have dipole-dipole interations?
SO2 molecules have dipole-dipole interactions because they are polar. When drawing out the lewis structure for SO2 the central atom S has one lone pair, which means it's polar.
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 11:06 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Ionic bonds
- Replies: 5
- Views: 266
Re: Ionic bonds
Yes dipole moments can happen in ionic bonds. For example when there's an obvious difference in electronegativity between ions there can be dipole moments.
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 11:05 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Explain concept
- Replies: 4
- Views: 134
Re: Explain concept
A dipole moment basically occurs whenever there is a distinction between negative and positive charge. When in a chemical bond atom on one side of the bond has more negative charge than atom on the other side, we can say there's a dipole moment, since there is a separation of the positive and negati...
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 10:49 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Why can't Aluminum have an expanded octet?
- Replies: 5
- Views: 3266
Re: Why can't Aluminum have an expanded octet?
Aluminum does not have an expanded octet. Aluminum is an exception just like boron where it can be octet deficient. Just like in BF3 boron is stable with only six electrons, in AlCl3 aluminum also does not fill an octet.
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 10:44 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: 2D.5 - Electronegativity
- Replies: 4
- Views: 183
Re: 2D.5 - Electronegativity
It will be more clear to look at the actual electronegativity value but in this case you can also look at their position on the periodic table and predict the electronegativity difference with periodic trend. C and S are located really close to each other, so it is reasonable to assume they have sim...
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 10:40 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: Polarisability vs Polarizing Power
- Replies: 15
- Views: 1082
Re: Polarisability vs Polarizing Power
Polarizing power normally indicates the ability of the cation to attract the valence electrons of an anion, which is the ability of an atom to cause electron cloud distortion. Whereas polarizability means the atom's ability/tendency to be polarized, in order words the atom's ability to form dipoles....
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 10:33 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: Polarizing Strength of Cations
- Replies: 8
- Views: 297
Re: Polarizing Strength of Cations
Because if the size of the cation is smaller, the closer the distance between the cation's nucleus with the electrons, which means the electrons will experience a higher attraction force from the cation's nuclear charge. As a result, electrons are more likely to be pulled towards this small size cat...
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 10:28 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: Distorted e- as highly polarizable
- Replies: 5
- Views: 459
Re: Distorted e- as highly polarizable
Highly distorted electrons are described as highly polarizable because they are more likely to cause dipoles. As electrons are pulled toward one side of the ions they are really likely to create dipole since the charge now is uneven. The more the number of distorted electrons being pulled into the b...
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 10:18 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: HW 2D.3
- Replies: 5
- Views: 580
Re: HW 2D.3
BaBr2 is more ionic compare to BeBr2 and BBr3 because the electronegativity difference between Ba-Br is the greatest compares to electronegativity difference between Be-Br and B-Br. Electronegativity increases across the period and decreases down the group. Therefore the electronegativity difference...
- Fri Nov 01, 2019 10:04 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: Electronegativity in Lewis Structure
- Replies: 2
- Views: 75
Electronegativity in Lewis Structure
Do atoms that are more electronegative always the central atom in a lewis structure? In order words does the central atom of a lewis structure always has the highest electronegativity compare to the other atoms in the structure?
- Fri Nov 01, 2019 10:01 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: Electron Negativity vs affinity?
- Replies: 5
- Views: 161
Re: Electron Negativity vs affinity?
Electronegativity indicates HOW WELL/TENDENCY an atom attracts electrons to itself. Whereas electron affinity measures the exact amount of energy released when an electron is added to an atom in the gas phase.
- Fri Nov 01, 2019 9:59 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: Electronegativity
- Replies: 11
- Views: 557
Re: Electronegativity
Electronegativity indicates how well an atom attracts electrons to itself. It increases across the period since atomic radius decreases across the period. With valence electrons being closer to the nucleus they experience more attraction forces. Therefore the atom attracts electrons better. Electron...
- Fri Nov 01, 2019 9:56 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Central atom
- Replies: 8
- Views: 328
Re: Central atom
Formal charge of the central atom is not always zero. It is better to look at formal charges of all atoms inside a structure. With more atoms having a formal charge of zero the structure is the most stable. And in the case when the formal charges are not zero, the more electronegative atom should ha...
- Fri Nov 01, 2019 9:53 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Formal Charges
- Replies: 4
- Views: 139
Re: Formal Charges
Formal charge for the same atom in resonance structures should be the same. For example in SO4 2-, when you draw out the lewis structure you get S as the central atom with two Os attached to it by double bonds and two Os attached to it by single bonds. No matter how you orientate the double bonds in...
- Fri Nov 01, 2019 9:27 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: radical
- Replies: 5
- Views: 408
Re: radical
Radicals are simply compounds with unpaired electrons. Radicals are exception of the octet rule because a radical might not have a filled octet with 8 electrons. For example Dr. Lavelle talked about CH3 in class. When we draw out the lewis structure for CH3, the central atom C have 7 valence electro...
- Fri Nov 01, 2019 9:23 pm
- Forum: Resonance Structures
- Topic: Resonance Hybrid
- Replies: 2
- Views: 197
Re: Resonance Hybrid
Yes it is necessary. It's always good to draw all the resonance structures since the actual structure of the molecule is the average of all the resonance structures.
- Fri Nov 01, 2019 9:22 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Exceptions to the Octet
- Replies: 5
- Views: 232
Re: Exceptions to the Octet
Phosphorous violates the octet rule since it can have an expanded octet. P is in the third period on the periodic table, which means it has d-orbital that can accommodate extra electrons.For example when P bonds with Cl forming PCl5, the central atom P would have a total of 10 electrons, which viola...
- Thu Oct 24, 2019 8:58 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Where to start putting dots for electrons
- Replies: 10
- Views: 547
Re: Where to start putting dots for electrons
There are no specific rules on where to start putting dots but when dots are put around an atom it has to reflect whether the electrons are paired or not. Therefore when you put dots around an atom you always put four separate dots on four sides first.
- Thu Oct 24, 2019 8:55 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: octet rule
- Replies: 6
- Views: 222
Re: octet rule
Yes besides H, He, Li and Be there are other exceptions to the octet rule. For example boron. When boron bounds with three fluorine atoms boron only gets six electrons instead of eight. And there's also something called expanded octet, which is when a central atom in a lewis structure can have more ...
- Thu Oct 24, 2019 8:46 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: strength of bonds
- Replies: 14
- Views: 959
Re: strength of bonds
PranaviKolla3G wrote:In terms of electrons, what is the difference between a triple bond, a double bond, and a single bond?
Triple bonds represent three pairs of electrons. Double bonds represent two pairs of electrons. Single bonds represent one pair of electrons.
- Thu Oct 24, 2019 8:44 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Ionic v.covalent bonds
- Replies: 7
- Views: 324
Re: Ionic v.covalent bonds
Your understanding is correct. Basically ionic bonds are formed between metals are nonmetals, and covalent bonds are formed between nonmetals and nonmetals. In an ionic bond electrons are transferred and ions are formed. In a covalent bond electrons are shared.
- Thu Oct 24, 2019 8:26 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: chemical formulas
- Replies: 3
- Views: 142
Re: chemical formulas
It's always good to know the commonly known compounds but I think when you are asked to draw the lewis structures the formulas will be given.