CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

This website gives a lot of great tips when naming compounds: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves ... istry_(Tro)/05%3A_Molecules_and_Compounds/5.06%3A_Nomenclature-_Naming_Compounds
Hope it helps!

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Determining the negative pole is dependent on the dipole moment present between the two elements, which is dependent on the electronegativity, and its magnitude is related to their overall difference in electronegativity.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

H20 contains both lone pairs on the oxygen but only one binding site between H2O and the central metal, therefore it is monodentate.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Bond length is determined by the number of bonded electrons (the bond order). The higher the bond order, the stronger the pull between the two atoms and thus the shorter the bond length. Generally, the length of the bond between two atoms is approximately the sum of the covalent radii of the two ato...

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Most often if asked to give the shape of the molecule, I would state its molecular shape unless asked to say otherwise.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

We most likely don't need to know the specific details of the Stern and Gerlach Experiment. I think Professor Lavelle wanted to describe how the electron spin developed and just intended for us to use this information as a reference.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

In this molecule, the central S atom is bonded to 1 S and 3 O with no lone pairs, so there are 4 regions of electron density which must be arranged tetrahedrally.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

-pH is the -log of the H+ ion concentration.
-pOH is the -log of the OH- ion concentration.
-Ka is essentially an equilibrium constant for the dissociation of water in the presence of an acid.
-pKa indicates the strength and/or lack thereof of an acid

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Yes, and these differences between the two occur because one contains cis isomers and one contains trans isomers.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

No, seesaw and trigonal pyramidal are not the same. The seesaw shape has a lone pair in the equatorial position whilst the trigonal pyramidal shape does not have a lone pair.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

This layout of the periodic table is helpful in visually pointing out amphoteric compounds:

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

The pH formula is -log[H+], and to derive it, you should know how to determine its relation to pKa and pOH.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

H3PO3 is more polar, so the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen will be weaker, making the hydrogen ions easier to remove. In this way, H3PO3 is more acidic than H3PO4.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

So according to these trends, what would the most electronegative element be? Fluorine?

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces, as they are temporary attractive forces that occur when the electrons in two nearby atoms occupy positions that thus cause the atoms to form temporary dipoles.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Since nickel contains 2 electrons from the 4s subshell and 8 electrons from the 3d subshell, it can form up to 10 bonds in a coordination compound (hence the reason for the expanded octet).

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Nope! The conjugate acid for HSO4- is H2SO4-, so the conjugate base would be SO4.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Acid rain is created when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are released into the air and mix with substances like H2O, O2, etc. These form acidic pollutants in the form of acid rain.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

For pH and pKa: pH measures the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution, which pKa helps predict what a molecule will do at a certain pH level (i.e. what does the pH need to be in order for a chemical species to either donate or accept a proton?)

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Yes, pi bonds are covalent chemical bonds. Two lobes of an orbital overlap on another atom laterally. They typically form in double and triple bonds, but rarely in single bonds.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

I don't think it necessarily depends on the compound itself, but rather the solutions it may be immersed in.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

This site really helps me in determining how to name coordination complexes: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Coordination_Chemistry/Structure_and_Nomenclature_of_Coordination_Compounds/Nomenclature_of_Coordination_Complexes. Hope...

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

The length of the bond can be determined by the number of bonded electrons (i.e. the bond order). The higher the bond order, the stronger the pull between the two atoms and the shorter the bond length. The length of the bond between two atoms can also be thought of as the sum of the covalent radii o...

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

The anion of NaC6H5O is basic in nature. Therefore, the chemical equation for its proton transfer is: C6H50- + H2O ---> C6H5OH + OH-. Hence, NaC6H5O is a salt of strong base and weak acid.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

For example: the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid and the greater its ability to donate protons.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Because Cl- is more electronegative, it will not share an electron with H+ in order to form a stable H2O bond.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

pH measures the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution, which pKa helps predict what a molecule will do at a certain pH level (i.e. what does the pH need to be in order for a chemical species to either donate or accept a proton?)

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Across the periodic table, acidity increases with electronegativity. Down the periodic table, acidity increases with size.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs can't remove all of the CO2 the body produces. This causes bodily fluids, especially the blood, to become too acidic

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

The following link is a great resource and describes some guiding principles in determining if salt solutions are acidic or basic:
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves ... nd_Decoste)/7%3A_Acids_and_Bases/7.08_Acid-Base_Properties_of_Salts

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

While every geometry has a specific coordination number, every complex can have several possible geometries. There isn't a one-to-one correspondence between coordination number and geometry!!

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Across the periodic table, acidity increases with electronegativity. Down the periodic table, acidity increases with size.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Co is surrounded by 2 en and 2 CO en is a bidentate ligand so, the coordination number would equal 2*2+2, so 6 Br is outside the coordination sphere

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

The coordination sphere consists of the central metal ion/atom and its attached ligands. Brackets in a formula enclose the coordination sphere, but those outside the brackets aren't part of the coordination sphere. The coordination number of the central metal ion or atom is the number of donor atoms...

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

This link helped me a lot when learning about hybrid orbitals: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves ... _Chemistry)/Fundamentals/Hybrid_Orbitals

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Resonance structures have the same number of electrons, although placement of those electrons may still change.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

A molecule has a cyclic structure if its atoms form a loop or ring.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

No, the trigonal bipyramidal arrangement has 90 and 120 degree angles also.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

In the XeF2 molecule, the central atom is Xe and is surrounded by two fluorine atoms and 3 lone pair of electrons. The total number of groups surrounded by the Xe atom is 5. So, the hybridization of the molecules is sp3d.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

You look at an atom's electronegativity. If the difference is in the range between 0.4 and 1.7, then the molecule is considered polar and if a molecule is polar, it is likely caused by a dipole-dipole interaction. Polar molecules contain polar bonds that create dipoles caused by a positive/negative ...

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Yes, as long as they are using d-orbitals and are in the third period, they have an expanded octet

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Ionic bonding can still have covalent character where electrons are shared more equally between two atoms. Even if there is covalent character, the ionic character has to be more prevalent for ionic bonding to occur. This means that there has to be greater electronegativity and thus more polarity.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

If these atoms are essentially locked into position in the presence of pi double (or triple) bonds, then would they even have resonance structures?? Hi! I had a question about something Dr. Lavelle mentioned in lecture, that if an atom has a double bond, then it cannot move around and it is locked i...

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Yes, you find the geometry and from there number of bonds around a certain atom. This gives the hybridization

Kaitlyn Hernandez 2E wrote:
Lillian Ma 1L wrote:I believe that it is a sp3 hybridization.

How can we figure out the hybridization of an atom? Do we just need to determine the shape through the VSEPR model?

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

There's no specific calculation method, but drawing the Lewis structure and determining the number of bonding/nonbonding groups can help determine the geometrical shape and thus the bond angles.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

In the cyclohexane (C6H12) structure, there are 6 C atoms and 12 H atoms. Each C has 4 sigma bonds, so the geometry around each C atoms will be tetrahedral.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

If the polar bonds are arranged symmetrically, this means the positive and negative charges coincide and thus no dipole moment occurs. The bond dipoles essentially cancel and the molecule becomes nonpolar.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Yes, I think it's important to note that negative pole depends on the electronegativity of all three atoms (not just two) making up the bonds. Comparing all three and assessing which incurs the largest electronegativity helps determine which two the negative pole lands between.

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Can this ion also be drawn as a resonance structure combining all of the Lewis structures you mentioned?

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

Brett Lieuallen 2A wrote:How would you decide which charge to use for various atoms that can have different charges?

Are you referring to polyatomic ions?

Nicole Bruno Dis 1B

I feel like since those are high school review topics, we won't necessarily be responsible for those concepts in this class as I'm sure Dr. Lavelle is more concerned with us advancing in our understanding of chemistry. If anything though, I think he would post it as one of the Audio-Visual Focus Top...

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