CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Catherine Bubser 2C

To expand, are they included in the rate laws for split-up reactions, but not included in the overall rate law for the whole reaction?

Catherine Bubser 2C

We don't include intermediates in rate laws, correct?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Thank you so much!!

Catherine Bubser 2C

What values do we plug into the integrated rate laws for initial concentration and final concentration if we aren't given a concertation to start with? For example, if we were asked to calculate the time it took for something to fall to 10% of its initial concentration, how would we use this in the ...

Catherine Bubser 2C

Can the overall cell reduction potential be negative? Would this mean the reaction is not spontaneous?

Catherine Bubser 2C

What does a mechanism detailing speed (fast, slow, fast/ slow in either direction, etc.) tell us about a reaction and its rate law?

Catherine Bubser 2C

When finding the instantaneous rate of reaction, we take the derivative, correct?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Is concentration always denotated by brackets?

Catherine Bubser 2C

In the textbook, the notation Eo (Zn^2+/Zn)= (a number of) V comes up a lot (Zinc was just an example). What does this mean? Does it just represent the potential of this half reaction?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Do we use the E naught value for the cell, anode, or cathode for this equation:
G = - n F E ?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Will a concentration cell's E naught value always be zero?

Catherine Bubser 2C

In given diagrams, will the positively charged cathode/ anode always be on the left side?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Is the oxidizing agent the molecule that has been reduced?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Would positive values for E naught cell mean the electrochemical reaction is spontaneous?

Catherine Bubser 2C

If given standard E naught values, is the equation always cathode minus anode?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Do -d[R]/dT and d[P]/dt mean the same thing/ result in the same final outcome?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Would a potential exam question regarding fuels ask us for the heat of combustion?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Would we have to be told that delta G naught is zero in the problem to know that the reaction is at equilibrium? Otherwise, we we just assume we have to us delta G= delta G naught + RT lnQ ?

Catherine Bubser 2C

I saw this acronym on the internet for memorizing state functions: PVT HUGS. P is for pressure, V is for volume, T is for temperature, H is for enthalpy, U is for internal energy, G is for Gibbs free energy, and S is for entropy. The two path functions are work and heat. Thank you so much this is s...

Catherine Bubser 2C

Would anyone happen to know why the answer to this same question is 42.4 J/K? I keep getting 13.7; do I need to convert this into different units?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Which two thermodynamic functions are path functions, not state functions?

Catherine Bubser 2C

How is the value of N=6.02×10^23 obtained? Is this a constant?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Do we add or subtract reactants from products when obtaining bond enthalpies?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Do we use Cp when we are told the pressure is constant or when we are told the volume is constant? I know it means "constant pressure", but if anyone has an example of a question that directly points to us using Cp versus Cv could you please respond with it?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Does the m constant mean mass and the n constant mean moles in heat capacity equations?

Catherine Bubser 2C

If a reaction doesn't mention a change in pressure (or pressure at all) should we assume it is isobaric?

Catherine Bubser 2C

In some example problems online I noticed the R constant was 8.3145 J K−1 mol−1; if we don't use the 5 will it noticeably change our answer?

Catherine Bubser 2C

A reaction is spontaneous as written if delta G is negative, correct?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Is temperature always in kelvin for these reactions too?

Catherine Bubser 2C

In a given problem, what specifically points to using 3/2 versus 5/2 in our equations?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Will there always be an increase in entropy with a spontaneous process?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Does the third law of thermodynamics only apply to perfectly ordered material?

Catherine Bubser 2C

What is the difference between a bomb calorimeter and a regular calorimeter?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Should we use 273 or the more accurate value of 273.15 when converting from one measurement to the other?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Is there a way to find the volume of a substance when only given its molarity? The substance is at a constant pressure.

Catherine Bubser 2C

Is work denoted by W or w?

Catherine Bubser 2C

What is the difference between entropy and enthalpy?

Catherine Bubser 2C

If yes, would we convert Celsius to Kelvin before we make the calculation (if given degrees Celsius in the problem)?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Do we always calculate Gibbs free energy with Kelvin?

Catherine Bubser 2C

The path a state function has/ takes does not matter with regard to its final value.

Catherine Bubser 2C

Does concentration change if the pressure is increased by decreasing the volume? I am slightly confused by the module on chemical equilibrium.

Catherine Bubser 2C

If we are given a reaction, how do we determine whether the reactants or products will be favored in response to compression?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Will the BH+ and OH- values always be equivalent when solving for Kb?

Catherine Bubser 2C

I feel as though this would come from the release of heat as soon as the steam reaches the air, since it travels a distance before it hits your face.

Catherine Bubser 2C

In Friday's lecture, I noticed some of the reactions only proceeded in one direction. If the arrow does not point in both directions, does it mean the reaction only proceeds in that one way?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Standard state would be 25ºC and 1 atm, as mentioned before.

Catherine Bubser 2C

We would treat these as the same state, correct?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Just to clarify, if the percent ionization is less than 5% of the initial concentration, it is okay to approximate x, correct?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Is it possible that if we used the quadratic formula and got two positive values that both these values would be less than the initial molar concentration?

Catherine Bubser 2C

If K is greater than 10^-3 would we just use the quadratic formula and not assume x is negligible?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Can the temperature change mid-equation if the reaction is not yet at equilibrium? If so, would we have to find two separate Q values?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Why don't halogens affect the pH of a concentration?

Catherine Bubser 2C

If we were to say a reaction is moving the the right, would this mean the products are favored?

Catherine Bubser 2C

We would have to be given the state of H20 in the reaction, correct?

Catherine Bubser 2C

When do we use atms versus bars (if we aren't given the original units)?

Catherine Bubser 2C

This post title should say "Adding more reactant to a reaction,", my apologies.

Catherine Bubser 2C

Similarly, will the addition of more product always result the formation of more reactant?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Will the addition of a reactant always result in the formation of more product?

Catherine Bubser 2C

When does 'ion' need to be added to the name of a coordination compound? Is it when the particle has an overall charge?

Catherine Bubser 2C

What are some key differences between Bronsted bases and Lewis bases?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Are ligands the regions of electron density that come off of the central metal atom?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Which molecules are diatomic?

Catherine Bubser 2C

That should say C O O N, I don't know why it says censored (at least it says that on my computer).

Catherine Bubser 2C

Will a molecule containing [censored] always be considered a conjugate base?

Catherine Bubser 2C

When solving for kinetic energy, will the work function be added or subtracted based on if absorption or emission is occurring or is it always E= hv - work?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Are there any other ways to stabilize charge in anions aside from determining different resonances and spreading the charge over the largest molecule?

Catherine Bubser 2C

As pH changes by 1, the strength is increasing (or decreasing) 10x, correct?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Will a compound with a salt always be a base?

Catherine Bubser 2C

What is the difference between a Lewis acid and a Bronsted acid? Could someone provide examples of each?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Should we memorize the oxides themselves or just the other molecules without their oxygens?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Would this mean certain geometries are always polar/ nonpolar?

Catherine Bubser 2C

For a molecule like H2CCH2, why would the hybridization of the carbon atoms in the structure be sp and sp2? Is this because a double bond only counts as one region, or do I disregard bonds and just count atoms/lone pairs?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Sapling says one of the three structures is cyclic, does that mean it makes a ring?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Which molecular geometries have 120 degree bond angles?

Catherine Bubser 2C

What is the difference between a localized bond and a delocalized bond?

Catherine Bubser 2C

What was the angle measurement for the 'seesaw' molecular shape? Will this differ based on the exact atoms in the molecule?

Catherine Bubser 2C

This repulsion is what changes the shape of the atom, correct?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Bent or angular can be used interchangeably for this!

Catherine Bubser 2C

If there are lone pairs causing the bod angles to deviate from their average measurements, will the new angles always be less than their average counterparts?

Catherine Bubser 2C

It was mentioned in lecture earlier this week that LiCO3 was incorrect in the slides and that there should be a 2 after Li. Does this 2 come from the charge on the carbon or the charge on the oxygen?

Catherine Bubser 2C

This was extremely helpful for me as well! Thank you.

Catherine Bubser 2C

Does any angular measurement aside from 180 mean the molecule has bent/ angular character?

Catherine Bubser 2C

What is an example of a molecule that exhibits a delta bond?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Would that mean an induced dipole only can be seen in a nonpolar molecule since there is a difference in charges between the atoms?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Does this mean there is no set list of elements that are considered exceptions to the octet rule? It's just any element higher than row 3?

Catherine Bubser 2C

From my understanding, a dipole-dipole bond occurs between two polar molecules but a dipole- induced dipole molecule occurs between a nonpolar and a polar molecule. How does this nonpolar molecule become an "induced dipole" molecule and why is this not just a London dispersion force? Also,...

Catherine Bubser 2C

Are step-up sessions and workshops still being held today (11/11)?

Catherine Bubser 2C

If asked to compare an element that is in the group to the left of the noble gas, would that element have a higher electronegativity then?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Are the constants for many equations regarding the h-atom (like Rydberg's) different from their normal constants due to the mass/ structure of the h-atom?

Catherine Bubser 2C

To tag onto the equation posted above-iIf the formal charge is zero, the electron is stable, correct?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Do these named exceptions depend on which elements these specific exceptions bond with, or are these rules across the board?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Hello, could anyone type out the way to post screenshots in this chat forum? I still am unable to figure it out; I have a screenshot from a question in the Sapling textbook that I would like to post. I'm probably just glancing over the tab, so if someone could name it that would be great.

Catherine Bubser 2C

Does is matter the order in which these orbitals are written as long as the n number are in order?

Catherine Bubser 2C

In regards to uncertainty in position, do we need to multiply the position by 2? On sapling, I did not need to change delta x but I did have to multiply delta x by 2 in some step-up sessions. How do we know when to do this?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Electronegativity references an atom's ability to attract electrons to itself, how is this different from electron affinity? Can these terms be used interchangeably/ are they the same thing?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Is there a specific constant for the speed of light through air or should we always assume to use c even if it is not stated a vacuum is present in the equation?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Why is frequency denoted as v in the first equation? I understand that these are the same equation and was curious as to why some equations use v.

Catherine Bubser 2C

Could someone explain why delta v is multiplied by 2 in part A of this example? The denominator as a whole is also multiplied by 2 because of the proportions so I'm confused as to why the uncertainty in the speed has to be multiplied additionally.

Catherine Bubser 2C

So does Schrodinger's equation just provide us with the nodal graph or does it give us the energy of the wavefunction. Is the nodal graph just a visual (does it have any value numerically)?

Catherine Bubser 2C

Would the question have to explicitly state that we are solving for the energy of incoming photon in order to use c=lambda(v) ? Is there another key word that would point to using an equation for a particle with no mass?

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