CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Jaden Kwon 3C

Yeah Q tells us the ratio of P/R concentrations at any time while K is the P/R concentrations at equilibrium. However, even though they may be calculated the same way knowing Q and K can tell us which direction the reaction tends to.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I think Dr. Lavelle mentioned that this course would only deal with ideal gases since they are much easier to deal with conceptually and in terms of doing calculations.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I think mathematically they follow the same process when calculating K, but conceptually Kc is defined by molar concentrations while Kp is defined using partial pressures of gasses.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I really like to listen to classical piano when studying for harder topics as it doesn't have lyrics but if I'm just working on normal assignments then I like to listen to a lot of contemporary music that I personally enjoy.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Yeah I definitely thought that this final was harder than the 2 previous midterms that we did. I was uncertain on a lot of questions and had to guess on a few which was pretty rough.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I need to stop cramming right before big tests as I have a tendency to push back a lot of work and studying a few days before tests which really makes me work a lot and not retain as much information as I could. I could also utilize more of the resources given as I only did textbook problems and wat...

Jaden Kwon 3C

I don't think there's a curve because of how the professor adds points to tests which should help regardless.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I don't think there's a curve because of how the professor adds points to tests which should help regardless.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I usually try not to look at school too much during break but if I forget important concepts before class then I would just briefly review my notes and online videos on the topics that I forgot.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Thanks this helps a lot with practicing.

Jaden Kwon 3C

For coordinate compounds the metal goes at the end of the bracket, but not always at the end of the molecule which is the key distinction.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Dipole-dipole attractions occur when the partial positive of one molecule is attracted to the partial negative of another. This often occurs between 2 polar molecules which you can determine to be polar based on the structure of the molecule.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Compared to other dipole-dipole bonds, the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and O/F/N is very high which makes for stronger bonds which play a huge role in biological and chemical molecules such as DNA.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Yeah I'm fairly certain if there is a complicated compound that we're not expected to know the name will be given to us.

Jaden Kwon 3C

The shape of molecules and lone pairs determines the bond angles. The best way to get familiar with them is just by practicing I think since there isn't any way to calculate the bond angles.

Jaden Kwon 3C

London dispersion forces are always present between molecules as the distribution of electrons is random within atoms which can create moments of instantaneous dipoles and induced dipoles. This can occur even with other intermolecular forces present.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Lone pairs are more repulsive than bond pairs which can alter bond angles and the overall shape of molecules which can affect the polarity and other factors which makes lone pairs really important.

Jaden Kwon 3C

H2O has the two lone pairs on the central atom which repels the hydrogens causing the molecule to be bent instead of linear. If there were no lone pairs then the molecule would be linear.

Jaden Kwon 3C

A dipole moment is the polarity of a molecule which is important to know because polarity determines how well molecules bond which determines a lot of chemical structures.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I think so because the dipoles wouldn't be able to cancel out due to the atoms having different electronegativities which would slightly alter bond angles and make the molecular polar.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals (hybridization) to better suit electron pairing to form bonds.

Jaden Kwon 3C

If there is a net dipole moment in a direction then the molecular is polar. This usually occurs if the molecule is asymmetrical in shape.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Yeah I think you just need to look at the shape and lone pairs which gives u the bond angles which were found from previous experiments. You don't need to calculate or know exactly how the bond angles were found just know that they maximize repulsion.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I don't think whether a bond is a single, double, or triple affects the shape of the molecule. However do know that double and triple bonds are shorter and stronger than single bonds.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I don't think whether a molecular is positive or negative affects the shape. You should just be looking for electron bonding pairs and lone electron pairs which affect molecular shape.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I think the electronegativity difference has to be higher than or equal to 0.5 and lower than 1.6 for a bond to be considered polar.

Jaden Kwon 3C

F, O, and N have very high electronegativity differences relative to H which leads to a strong polar covalent bond, or a hydrogen bond.

Jaden Kwon 3C

A shorter bond length is more stable because shorter bond lengths have higher energy which is harder to break and therefore more stable.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I think adding electrons to an atom makes the ionic radius bigger as the added electrons repel from the already existing electrons while taking away electrons from an atom makes the radius smaller because there is less electron shielding so electrons get pulled closer to the nucleus.

Jaden Kwon 3C

London dispersion forces occur when the electrons in atoms form temporary dipoles due to chance. This force is the weakest intermolecular force.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Double bonds have more electrons than single bonds so they exert more force on the nucleus which pulls atoms closer together and makes the bond shorter.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Going across a period nuclear charge increases due to the addition of more protons while electron shielding remains constant which causes a causes electrons to be pulled closer to the nucleus making the atomic radius smaller.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Ionic bonds form when an atom transfers an electron to another to form a bond where covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons. Ionic bonds are usually formed between a metal and nonmetal where ionic bonds are formed between 2 nonmetals.

Jaden Kwon 3C

The noble gas represents a full and therefore stable valence shell which is unique to noble gases which is why we use noble gases to shorten electron configurations.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I think doing either is fine, but if you are asked to write the electron configuration of a noble gas you should use the previous noble gas or write the entire configuration as the question is testing you on writing electron configurations.

Jaden Kwon 3C

You want to order the orbitals in order of increasing energy. So 3d^1 would be before 4s^2.

Jaden Kwon 3C

You can use either equation to get the energy of a particle but I don't think you can use E=pc for photons as photons have no mass and therefore no momentum.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I think energy is released because adding electrons to an atom can make it more stable and stable atoms have less energy than other states. As a result the difference in energy is released when an atom accepts an electron to be more stable.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Yeah I'm pretty sure we only have to understand it conceptually as it is a pretty high level quantum physics equation with calculus.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Changing a wave's amplitude only affects the intensity of that wave. The frequency of a wave is how many cycles there are in a given time frame and wavelength is the distance between the crests or troughs. The frequency/wavelength of a wave affects the energy as a higher frequency/lower wavelength w...

Jaden Kwon 3C

Most likely the equations would be given so we don't have to derive anything. However it's good to know where the equations came from to have a better fundamental understanding of the concepts.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Yeah, Bohr's model explained that when an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower one, energy is emitted.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I think you only have to know the Lyman and Balmer series but you should also know in general what the hydrogen spectral series are.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I don't think you should memorize the exact wavelengths and frequencies for each of EM radiation, but you should have a general idea on which waves have higher/lower frequencies and energies.

Jaden Kwon 3C

The photoelectric effect experiment demonstrated that photons can act as particles instead of just waves as the experiment showed individual photons interacting with individual electrons. Increasing the light intensity doesn't change the energy per photon but just the overall total sum of energy. Be...

Jaden Kwon 3C

Does anyone know how an electron can be emitted with 0 kinetic energy? Does it just stay in place or is it something else.

Jaden Kwon 3C

From a mathematical standpoint, the limit of the function as n approaches infinity is 0 because as the denominator of the function gets closer and closer to infinity, you get closer and closer to 0. From a conceptual standpoint I think energy approaches 0 as n goes to infinity because the energy lev...

Jaden Kwon 3C

I watch the lectures and take notes as well as do the homework assignments. I also read the textbook and do practice problems if I have extra time. Finally, if I am struggling on a concept or problem I try and learn more about it from the internet.

Jaden Kwon 3C

No the state of matter doesn't affect balancing equations but is still useful information to know for the overall reaction.

Jaden Kwon 3C

It would be very difficult for a reaction to not have a limiting reactant as getting the exact same quantity of all reactants is nearly impossible. You could theoretically have an infinite quantity of reactants which would get rid of the limiting reactant.

Jaden Kwon 3C

I think we will go over the different types of chemical reactions briefly as Dr. Lavelle usually goes over all the basics. But I also think it would be a good idea to review them a little bit beforehand.

Jaden Kwon 3C

Is there ever a situation where the empirical formula would be used over the molecular formula?

Jaden Kwon 3C

Yeah when diluting a solution the moles of solute always remain the same. So knowing that molarity = (moles of solute)/(liters of solution) and rearranging to solve for moles of solute gets us moles of solute = (molarity)(liters of solution) or MV. Then we get the equation M1V1 = M2V2 where M1/M2 ar...

Jaden Kwon 3C

Yeah when diluting a solution the moles of solute always remain the same. So knowing that molarity = (moles of solute)/(liters of solution) and rearranging to solve for moles of solute gets us moles of solute = (molarity)(liters of solution) or MV. Then we get the equation M1V1 = M2V2 where M1/M2 ar...

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