Search found 102 matches
- Fri Mar 12, 2021 4:22 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Activation Energy and Temperature
- Replies: 2
- Views: 586
Activation Energy and Temperature
Hi! On Sapling Wk9/10 Number 16, an increase in temperature affects the reaction with the higher activation energy more, or it will increase the rate constant of the reaction with a higher activation energy more than the it will increase the rate constant of the reaction with a lower one. I don't co...
- Sun Mar 07, 2021 2:30 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: What was your favorite chem topic?
- Replies: 137
- Views: 12841
Re: What was your favorite chem topic?
Hi there! I personally really enjoyed equilibrium. I thought it was a super interesting topic, and because of that I thought it was a little easier than thermodynamics for me haha!
- Sun Mar 07, 2021 2:29 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: what does E notch tell us compared to the E of a cell?
- Replies: 8
- Views: 379
Re: what does E notch tell us compared to the E of a cell?
Hi there! E naught is going to be the cell potential under standard conditions, so 1atm, 1M concentration for the solution, etc. Just regular E by itself is going to be cell potential under non-standard conditions, which we can solve for using E naught in that given equation on our constants sheet. ...
- Sun Mar 07, 2021 2:26 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: E vs E naught
- Replies: 36
- Views: 1816
Re: E vs E naught
Hi there! E naught is going to be our cell potential under standard conditions, while just regular E by itself is going to be cell potential under non-standard conditions. Hope this helps!
- Sun Mar 07, 2021 2:19 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Book Recommendations
- Replies: 135
- Views: 18196
Re: Book Recommendations
Hi there! All my favorites are really just all those fiction books that we all read in elementary school haha. I find rereading all of the old faves is really relaxing, like the Percy Jackson series, or the Hunger Games trilogy. Reminds me of the good ol' days :')
- Sun Mar 07, 2021 2:11 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Balancing half-reactions to find overall cell potential
- Replies: 6
- Views: 399
Re: Balancing half-reactions to find overall cell potential
Hi there! The reason we do not multiple the standard cell potentials when working with these kinds of problems is because cell potential is an intensive property. This means that it does not depend on the amount of substance present. For example, the density of liquid water is an intensive property....
- Sun Mar 07, 2021 2:03 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Rate Laws
- Replies: 7
- Views: 493
Re: Rate Laws
Hi there! It will usually depend on the question being asked. If the question was asking about reaction mechanisms, it should give you the rate law so that you can answer which one would match it. It can also ask you which rate law is matches a given reaction mechanism. Overall, you can't solve for ...
- Sun Mar 07, 2021 1:59 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: What is the purpose of having a salt bridge?
- Replies: 16
- Views: 792
Re: What is the purpose of having a salt bridge?
Hi there! The salt bridge is meant to maintain the charges of the two cells so that they are both electrically neutral. Without it, the negative charge of one cell would build up and then electron movement would stop because it is then unfavorable. Hope this helps!
- Fri Mar 05, 2021 4:26 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Intermediate species
- Replies: 8
- Views: 456
Re: Intermediate species
Hi there! In his lecture, he said that we do not need to know which specific intermediates would be used in a reaction. This is high-level stuff that would take into account a whole bunch of factors such as Lewis structures of all the species that could be compatible with the reaction. All you need ...
- Fri Mar 05, 2021 4:22 pm
- Forum: *Organic Reaction Mechanisms in General
- Topic: Sapling Weeks 9/10 #7
- Replies: 3
- Views: 686
Re: Sapling Weeks 9/10 #7
Hi there! I'm not sure if we were both given the same numbers for this problem, but I'll just explain it with the ones I was given. For this reaction, I found that reactant A is first-order, reactant B is second-order, and reactant C is zero-order. For the rate law, I wrote that rate = k[A][B]^2 bec...
- Sun Feb 28, 2021 11:53 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: How to Determine if a Reaction is in Basic or Acidic Solution?
- Replies: 53
- Views: 3479
Re: How to Determine if a Reaction is in Basic or Acidic Solution?
Hi there! Based on what I've seen, they'll either tell you, or you can determine it from what species are present. For example, in Sapling Wk 7/8 question 4, HNO3 is present and is a strong acid, so we can assume that it's going to be in acidic conditions. Hope this helps!
- Sun Feb 28, 2021 11:50 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: Sapling week 7/8 #15
- Replies: 3
- Views: 237
Re: Sapling week 7/8 #15
Hi there! I believe the standard E that you got is incorrect. Double check that you used the right potential on the chart. Fe has a couple different reactions on it that have different charge changes, so try to double check you used the right one for this problem! Hope this helps!
- Sun Feb 28, 2021 11:48 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Sapling 1
- Replies: 5
- Views: 383
Re: Sapling 1
Hi there! Oxygen is going to almost always have a -2 oxidation state when its in a polyatomic molecule/not standing alone. K is also going to almost always have a +1 oxidation state, and the same goes for all other Group 1 atoms. Knowing this, we can assume that Cl is going to have an oxidation stat...
- Sun Feb 28, 2021 11:43 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Sapling Week 7/8 #15
- Replies: 11
- Views: 715
Re: Sapling Week 7/8 #15
Yeah! So, with this one, you'd want to use the Nernst equation E=Edot-0.05916V/nlogQ to solve. But, to get Edot, you'd use Ecell=Ecathode-Eanode, to find Ecell of the overall reaction. From there you can apply Nernst equation to solve for E or the cell potential. This may be a dumb question. But ho...
- Sun Feb 28, 2021 11:36 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Shorthand Chemical equations
- Replies: 2
- Views: 193
Re: Shorthand Chemical equations
Hi there! In terms of the order, they are listed in order of what species they come into contact with. For this problem, the Pb electrode comes into contact with the PbCl2 that forms, and then Cl is listed right up against the salt bridge because that's what it comes into contact with. Then on the o...
- Sun Feb 28, 2021 11:31 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Shorthand Notation for Cells
- Replies: 2
- Views: 211
Re: Shorthand Notation for Cells
Hi there! So the anode is going to be written on the left side of the diagram, while the cathode is going to be on the right. The single vertical line indicates the different phases/species for that reaction, and the double line represents the salt bridge. Knowing that, we list the species in the or...
- Sun Feb 28, 2021 11:28 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: Sapling #15
- Replies: 3
- Views: 243
Re: Sapling #15
Hi there! The reaction for Magnesium is oxidation, but its value is given when it is a reduction reaction, so you are correct to flip the sign for its potential. However, because we flipped the sign, we are going to add the cathode and anode values together instead of subtracting the anode value fro...
- Sun Feb 28, 2021 11:22 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: Sapling 17
- Replies: 3
- Views: 244
Re: Sapling 17
Hi there! I believe that the above poster is correct, the Nernst equation does account for that in that it includes the ideal gas constant, which takes care of the difference in units!
- Sun Feb 21, 2021 4:02 pm
- Forum: General Science Questions
- Topic: Oxidation Review
- Replies: 4
- Views: 652
Re: Oxidation Review
Hi! There are a few general rules that you can know that will help you assign oxidation numbers that I know of off the top of my head: 1. free elements are going to be 0 2. sum of oxidation numbers in an uncharged compound should be 0, while the sum on a charged compound should be the charge (like O...
- Sun Feb 21, 2021 3:53 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Preparing
- Replies: 24
- Views: 1372
Re: Preparing
Hi! This is a great question, and it really encourages me to think a little ahead for classes instead of getting caught up with present classes! Usually, I consult upperclassmen or people who have taken the class already to get a better understanding for the layout of the class, how the tests are, b...
- Sun Feb 21, 2021 3:44 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Students Who Have a Job
- Replies: 103
- Views: 12428
Re: Students Who Have a Job
Hey there! I'm doing about fifteen hours per week in terms of work, which isn't as much as some of the hard workers here, but I do find myself still struggling with balancing everything!! I won't lie and say that I'm breezing through my classes, because having to stay on top of the continuous stream...
- Sun Feb 21, 2021 3:40 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: We made it through Midterm 2!
- Replies: 71
- Views: 4680
Re: We made it through Midterm 2!
Good job, everyone! If you still have midterms, good luck on them! Awesome job to everyone for finishing this week and chem midterm 2!
- Sun Feb 21, 2021 3:38 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Salt Bridge
- Replies: 5
- Views: 312
Re: Salt Bridge
Hi! The salt bridge is meant to maintain the charges of both sides of the Galvanic cell so that one is not more negative than the other. As the electrons move from one side the other, their destination is going to become more negative because electrons are negatively charged. Ions will then move thr...
- Sat Feb 13, 2021 11:48 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Boltzmann Equation
- Replies: 1
- Views: 127
Re: Boltzmann Equation
Hi there! Just understand that this equation just relates entropy to degeneracy, where W is equal to the number of possible microstates for molecules in a system, so in other words, you've got it all to my understanding! If anyone has anyone has anything to add, please feel free!
- Sat Feb 13, 2021 11:39 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Fav Shows of the Moment
- Replies: 115
- Views: 55653
Re: Fav Shows of the Moment
Hi! Right now, I'm watching WandaVision!!! It is soooo good and it's getting super interesting right now; I highly recommend it if you like Marvel!!
- Sat Feb 13, 2021 11:35 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Entropy and Change in Temp
- Replies: 2
- Views: 153
Re: Entropy and Change in Temp
Hi there! The Cp in our equation tells us that we assume constant pressure because this is the specific heat constant at constant pressure. If it were constant volume, we would use Cv, or the given equation would have Cv instead of Cp. Also, in problems that would use this equation, I would assume t...
- Sat Feb 13, 2021 11:26 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Question about Sapling week 5/6 #20
- Replies: 2
- Views: 211
Re: Question about Sapling week 5/6 #20
Hi there! That was my understanding of it as well, that if the curve has a maximum value/upside down parabola that the reaction would be nonspontaneous. I believe it is because as it approaches the maximum, it would be an increase in free energy, as in the reaction needs energy going in for the reac...
- Sat Feb 13, 2021 11:22 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: delta U and delta H
- Replies: 8
- Views: 388
Re: delta U and delta H
Hi there! Delta U and Delta H are not interchangeable; they represent different things and tell us different things about a system! Delta U is the change in internal energy, or in other words, the amount of energy a system has. Delta H is the change in enthalpy, and is usually thought of as the amou...
- Sun Feb 07, 2021 10:13 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Sapling Cp to Cv Relationship
- Replies: 1
- Views: 136
Re: Sapling Cp to Cv Relationship
Hi there! On the constants and formulas sheet, we can see the Cp is equal to (5/2)R and that Cv is equal to (3/2)R. By substituting one equation into the other and with a little bit of math, we can find this relationship that Sapling shows. Hope this helps!
- Sun Feb 07, 2021 10:10 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Week 3/4 Sapling Homework: #15
- Replies: 9
- Views: 530
Re: Week 3/4 Sapling Homework: #15
Hi there! w=-deltan*RT is really only used when there is a change in moles. In this case, we are really only focused on the change in volume, which is why we solved for it using PV=nRT, and then plugging it into w=-PdeltaV. Hope this helps!
- Sun Feb 07, 2021 10:03 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Sapling #14
- Replies: 11
- Views: 538
Re: Sapling #14
can anyone explain why we can't use the original w= -P dV equation instead? i'm comfortable using the other but i don't understand why my answer using w= -P dV is wrong. Hi there! For Path A, it is a reversible isothermal reaction, so we would use w=-nRTln(V2/V1). This is because in aa reversible e...
- Sun Feb 07, 2021 9:56 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Best kdrama?
- Replies: 30
- Views: 2144
Re: Best kdrama?
What's Wrong With Secretary Kim was an absolute banger! I loved that one, but the one I always go back to is always Weightlifting Fairy Kim Bok-Joo! I think I'm just a sucker for the university dramas ahaha!
- Sun Feb 07, 2021 9:51 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Sapling #12- WK 4/5
- Replies: 4
- Views: 277
Re: Sapling #12- WK 4/5
Hi, there! For this question, they are asking for the heat capacity of the calorimeter, not of the substance. Instead of using q=ncAT, you will just be using q=cAT, then plugging in the given values, and then solving for heat capacity. Hope this helps!
- Sun Jan 31, 2021 10:25 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Solving for Heterogeneous Equilibria
- Replies: 4
- Views: 246
Re: Solving for Heterogeneous Equilibria
Hi! You're correct; we do not include solids or liquids in equilibria calculations. Solids do not have a concentration, and liquids are usually the solvents in these problems, so they're concentration does not change a significant enough amount for them to be included in calculations either! Hope th...
- Sun Jan 31, 2021 10:22 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Reflecting on the midterm
- Replies: 17
- Views: 847
Re: Reflecting on the midterm
Hey! This exact thing happened to me during the midterm, so don't feel discouraged because you aren't alone with this one. I think next time, I'm going to try out the strategies that people have responded with here. I think some of it for me is also not doing enough practice problems to prepare for ...
- Sun Jan 31, 2021 10:17 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Chem BL
- Replies: 107
- Views: 9901
Re: Chem BL
Hey! I plan on raking BL with C next quarter! Although now I'm hearing that there isn't much overlap so far, I also heard that it helps to have a base in B already.
- Sun Jan 31, 2021 10:13 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Study Habits Part 2
- Replies: 16
- Views: 771
Re: Study Habits Part 2
I don't know why but it feels really reassuring that I'm not the only one that finds it hard to absorb info from reading the textbook. I think I'll try to change my study habits instead of forcing myself to spend all my time reading the textbook just because it feels like that's how everyone else i...
- Sun Jan 31, 2021 10:10 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Midterm 1
- Replies: 10
- Views: 435
Re: Midterm 1
I definitely needed to hear this! Thanks so much! Super proud of you too, I'm sure you worked hard and did a great job!! Good luck with the rest of the quarter!
- Sun Jan 31, 2021 10:08 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Work Life Balance
- Replies: 44
- Views: 1969
Re: Work Life Balance
Hey there! I'm sorry to hear that; I also find myself struggling to find a good balance that won't negatively affect my studies and my social life. However, I believe it's all little easy things that you can do to make sure your mental and physical health are getting taken care of! First things firs...
- Tue Jan 19, 2021 12:34 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Gas Constant Value
- Replies: 43
- Views: 1850
Re: Gas Constant Value
Hi there! Which gas constant value you use typically depends on what the units you're working with are. For most of the problems I've seen that would be the one we're using the most so I think it would be fine to stick with that one, but it all depends. Hope this helps, and please correct me if I'm ...
- Tue Jan 19, 2021 12:31 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: A + B
- Replies: 5
- Views: 334
Re: A + B
so for a lot of the UA step-up sessions I'm seeing A + B (front back arrows) C. Do we usually assume that the concentrations/pressures are referring to not solids and liquids? Because otherwise say A (s) would not be factored into the computation, right? Hi! Solids and liquids do not have concentra...
- Tue Jan 19, 2021 12:29 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Sapling Week 2 #5
- Replies: 2
- Views: 166
Re: Sapling Week 2 #5
Hi Margia! I also started by converting pH to pOH and then got a similar concentration for [OH-]. I just assumed that the concentration of [OH-] was at equilibrium and used that concentration of [OH-] to fill out my ICE table. We just don't know the initial concentration of the amine, so I used the...
- Sun Jan 17, 2021 7:48 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Sapling Week 2 #9
- Replies: 4
- Views: 204
Re: Sapling Week 2 #9
Sebastian2I wrote:Is this a rule without exception? Anytime the pKa is greater than the pH we should respond that more of the initial acid is present?
Hi! I believe so, and I don't know of any exceptions, but if I'm wrong please feel free to correct me!
- Sun Jan 17, 2021 7:43 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Sapling Homework #5
- Replies: 9
- Views: 403
Re: Sapling Homework #5
I'm also kind of stuck on this one. Should we be adding/subtracting these equations and using the inverse K value when possible? Hi! For this one, I would first figure out which equations that were given will give us the reaction at the top. I would focus on getting all of the species on the correc...
- Sun Jan 17, 2021 7:37 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Sapling Week 2 #5
- Replies: 2
- Views: 166
Sapling Week 2 #5
Hi! I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong for this question. We are given Kb = 9.397*10 -5 and that pH=9.565. I converted pH to pOH, then found the concentration of OH- to be 3.673*10 -5 . Then I used the Kb to solve for the concentration of the base, then solved for percent protonated. I keep getting t...
- Sun Jan 17, 2021 7:28 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: % Ionization and % Protonation
- Replies: 11
- Views: 564
Re: % Ionization and % Protonation
When working with acids and bases and conjugate acids and bases, will the acid or base always be on the reactant side of the reaction being formed and the conjugate acid or base always be on the product side? Hi! I do not think that it matters that much, as long as you know the conjugate pairs over...
- Sun Jan 17, 2021 7:21 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: % Ionization and % Protonation
- Replies: 11
- Views: 564
Re: % Ionization and % Protonation
What's the difference between protonation and ionization then? Hi! I believe ionization refers to the actual dissociation of the acid. For example, HCl is a strong acid and would have a 100% ionization because it completely dissociates in water. Protonation refers to the process of attaching a prot...
- Sun Jan 17, 2021 7:06 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Sapling Week 2 #9
- Replies: 4
- Views: 204
Re: Sapling Week 2 #9
Hi there! Typically, if the pH at a given time is lower than the pKa, then you will have more protonated species. In this case you will have more HA at this given pH, which has no charge, so the solution will be more neutral at the given pH. The pKa basically tells you what the pH needs to be for th...
- Sun Jan 17, 2021 7:00 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Sapling #9
- Replies: 7
- Views: 366
Re: Sapling #9
Hi! Basically, if your pH is lower than the pKa of your acid in the problem, typically there will be more protonated species present in the solution at the time. In this case, there will be more HA, which has no charge, at the time, so the solution would be neutral at that pH. I hope this helps!
- Sun Jan 10, 2021 10:35 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: K vs Q
- Replies: 7
- Views: 271
Re: K vs Q
Hi there! In general, yes you would use Q when you aren't sure if the system has reached equilibrium yet. Most of the time, I think the problem would state what's going on with the system, but since you find Q and K the same way (products over reactants) then I think you should be all right. You can...
- Sun Jan 10, 2021 10:31 am
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Are there reactions that just do not/ can not ever reach equilibrium?
- Replies: 18
- Views: 1867
Re: Are there reactions that just do not/ can not ever reach equilibrium?
Hi! I believe that all reactions should reach equilibrium. For every forward reaction, there needs to be a reverse reaction and vise versa and there will always be a point where the rates of the reverse and forward reactions are equal. I hope this helps!
- Sun Jan 10, 2021 10:29 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Equilibrium constant between 10^-3 and 10^3
- Replies: 6
- Views: 705
Re: Equilibrium constant between 10^-3 and 10^3
Hi there! All you can really say for sure is that there is no strong favor towards either the reverse and forward reaction. If it gets pretty close to either end, it would be a little bit easier to say that it at least leans in one direction, but there is still no strong favor. I can say for sure th...
- Sun Jan 10, 2021 10:24 am
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Study Habits
- Replies: 96
- Views: 7582
Re: Study Habits
Hi! For me, I do a lot of practice problems from the textbook. I personally think that it helps you better prepare for tests if you already know how to set up/tackle problems and overall is really helpful with applying concepts we're learning. Also, I try to do distributed studying, so instead of ha...
- Sun Jan 10, 2021 10:20 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Changing K
- Replies: 4
- Views: 274
Re: Changing K
Hi! Remember that K is just a ratio of the concentration of products and reactants, so when you increase/decrease the concentrations of either one of them, although the system does have new concentrations now, it will eventually balance itself out to match the original ratio or the K value. For exam...
- Sat Dec 12, 2020 11:24 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Last Minute Breather
- Replies: 12
- Views: 657
Re: Last Minute Breather
Hi! Genuinely, I am so tired and I don't think a two week break is enough to catch up on all of my missed sleep, but hey! Just one more week to go ahaha. How are you doing?
- Sat Dec 12, 2020 11:23 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Pre-Final Rituals
- Replies: 12
- Views: 872
Re: Pre-Final Rituals
Hi! For me, I don't usually do last minute studying because I always went by the saying "if I don't know it by now (as in right before the test), I'm not gonna know it at all." This has actually helped me avoid cramming and sleeping too late before big exams and stuff like that!!
- Sat Dec 12, 2020 11:21 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Plans for Relaxing After Finals
- Replies: 98
- Views: 19627
Re: Plans for Relaxing After Finals
Hey!!! I'm planning on sleeping until noon everyday of winter break to catch up on all my missed sleep hours lol. Hopefully everyone can catch up on sleep before winter quarter starts!!
- Sat Dec 12, 2020 11:18 pm
- Forum: Sigma & Pi Bonds
- Topic: Valence Bonding Descriptions for Triple Bonds
- Replies: 1
- Views: 218
Re: Valence Bonding Descriptions for Triple Bonds
Hi! I believe you're correct. The carbon has two hybridized orbitals that are 2sp2 for the two regions of electron density. This leaves us with two unhybridized 2p orbitals for the remaining two valence electrons that make up the two pi bonds in the triple bond between carbon and nitrogen.
- Sat Dec 12, 2020 11:13 pm
- Forum: Identifying Acidic & Basic Salts
- Topic: rules for determining
- Replies: 7
- Views: 590
Re: rules for determining
Hi! What I do is first look at the different atoms in the salt/compound. In order to determine whether it is acidic, basic, or neutral, you have to determine if it contains a conjugate acid or base. For example, NaCN is a basic salt. The CN- anion came from HCN, which is an acid. In other words, CN-...
- Sat Dec 12, 2020 11:06 pm
- Forum: Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases
- Topic: Temperature in PH Solving Problems
- Replies: 5
- Views: 296
Re: Temperature in PH Solving Problems
Hi! I don't think it will change, it's just sort of there to establish that the solution is at room temperature. You can sort of disregard it for now I think!
- Sun Dec 06, 2020 8:25 pm
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: Determining the Conjugate Acids Ann Bases
- Replies: 1
- Views: 171
Re: Determining the Conjugate Acids Ann Bases
Hi! I think most of the time with acids, the name becomes whatever the anion's name was with an -ic at the end. For example, HCl: the chlorine on it's own is Cl- and is called a chloride anion and then once it's attached to the H, it becomes hydrochloric acid (the hydro was also added in because of ...
- Sun Dec 06, 2020 8:10 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: final study
- Replies: 42
- Views: 2010
Re: final study
It's a little bit time consuming, but I always rewatch lectures at like two times speed to see if there's any concepts or little tidbits of information that I might have missed that might be important. I'll write down little things that he says that I think might be helpful to me later on. Another t...
- Sun Dec 06, 2020 8:07 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Studying for Final Exam
- Replies: 57
- Views: 3097
Re: Studying for Final Exam
Hi! I'm going to be studying by rewriting/organizing my notes! I don't know if this works for everybody, but for me, restructuring my notes and going over them again is really helpful for me. I also am re-watching all of the lectures again just to make sure I didn't miss any little details that migh...
- Sun Dec 06, 2020 6:50 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Point distribution
- Replies: 11
- Views: 737
Re: Point distribution
I feel the same way as you! I think it just takes me by surprise for how big of a chunk tests take up in our grade, especially when there's only really three that we've taken, plus the small amount of points from other assignments. I think we'll do all right though, and I wish you the best of luck o...
- Sun Dec 06, 2020 6:47 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: How are you?
- Replies: 154
- Views: 16690
Re: How are you?
Hi! I'm honestly feeling super nervous about the final!! Especially since this is the first one I'll be taking out of all my classes and at UCLA too! Hope you're doing all right!
- Sun Nov 29, 2020 6:05 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Lewis structure
- Replies: 13
- Views: 746
Re: Lewis structure
Hi! You should be able to tell whether a compound is ionic or covalent with a Lewis Structure. If the Lewis Structure shows shared electrons (such as single bonds or double bonds), it should be a covalent bond. Lewis Structures for ionic compounds look a little bit different in that the individual a...
- Sun Nov 29, 2020 5:59 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: molecule shape polarity
- Replies: 5
- Views: 343
Re: molecule shape polarity
Hello! I was wondering if anyone can help explain the polarity stuff for this question. I am a bit confused... For each molecule, specify the polarity of the bonds and the overall polarity of the molecule. Molecules: BeCl2 and H2O Thanks! Hi! When it says to specify the polarity of the bonds, it sa...
- Sun Nov 29, 2020 5:49 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Sapling Week 7/8 #12
- Replies: 8
- Views: 396
Re: Sapling Week 7/8 #12
Hi! I solved this problem by converting those mass percent compositions into moles for each atom. Basically, you're being asked to find the molecular formula just like in the first unit of this course. Using the moles, we can find the empirical formula and then use the molar mass given to find the m...
- Sun Nov 29, 2020 5:46 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Textbook Problem 2E1
- Replies: 1
- Views: 86
Re: Textbook Problem 2E1
Hi! Yes, the bond angles are the key pieces of information needed to solve this problem. Think about it this way: both molecules are showing that there are only two other atoms attached to the central atom. In (b) with the 180 degree bond angle, think about whether it would be possible for there to ...
- Sun Nov 29, 2020 5:41 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: #13 Sapling Week 8
- Replies: 18
- Views: 720
Re: #13 Sapling Week 8
Hi there! Tetrahedral should be the correct answer for this question. Perhaps check spelling or if they're picky about capitalizations? It should be marked correct. Hope this is helpful!
- Sun Nov 22, 2020 8:03 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: repulsion strength
- Replies: 10
- Views: 313
Re: repulsion strength
Hi! I believe this is because bonded electrons are more localized, specifically to the orbital/bonding region in between two different atoms and is further from the nucleus than lone pair electrons. The lone pairs are closer/attracted to one nucleus/atom. Therefore, there is more repulsion from the ...
- Sun Nov 22, 2020 7:58 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: atom rotating
- Replies: 2
- Views: 151
Re: atom rotating
Hi there! I believe it's really just an atom will rotate if it can rotate, as in there's not really a particular reason that they do. It might have something to do with just having energy to rotate when at a certain temperature. Just the most important thing to understand is that they are able to ro...
- Sun Nov 22, 2020 7:54 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Sapling Homework Question 17
- Replies: 2
- Views: 198
Re: Sapling Homework Question 17
Hi! How I would usually approach problems for this is just first seeing how many electrons we need. Then I look at all possible variations of bonds tied to the central atom, so in this case it would be a carbon atom. This can be just changing up whether it is bonded with double bonds, whether it mak...
- Sun Nov 22, 2020 6:51 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: CH3F Molecular Shape
- Replies: 7
- Views: 2086
Re: CH3F Molecular Shape
Hi! Yes, CH3F is a tetrahedral, with C creating four bonds as the central atom. The C-F bond does affect something; since Fluorine is a very electronegative atom, it makes CH3F a polar molecule. Hope this helps!
- Sun Nov 22, 2020 6:48 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Location of Hybridized Atoms
- Replies: 2
- Views: 96
Re: Location of Hybridized Atoms
Hi! All atoms that have p or d orbitals are able to hybridize in a molecule, not just the central atom!
- Sun Nov 15, 2020 5:28 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Sapling #4
- Replies: 5
- Views: 316
Re: Sapling #4
You would figure the second question out by asking yourself which of the three Lewis Structures of the carbamate ion is the least stable. To do this, you would look at the formal charges of the three structures and whichever one is more charged (as in it has more atoms with negative/positive formal ...
- Sun Nov 15, 2020 5:23 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Electron Affinity
- Replies: 3
- Views: 272
Re: Electron Affinity
When a Group 16 element, like oxygen for example, gains one electron, it would become O - . This means that it becomes a negatively charged ion. The electron and the now negatively charged oxygen ion now experience repulsion because they are two negatively charged particles. Although it does want to...
- Sun Nov 15, 2020 5:12 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Nitrate Ion Lewis Structure
- Replies: 6
- Views: 2551
Re: Nitrate Ion Lewis Structure
In the Nitrate Ion Lewis Structure, there are two N-O single bonds and one double bond between nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrogen does not have an expanded octet, so it can only create two single bonds and one double bond with the oxygen atoms. It has five valence electrons, so when we set up our formula...
- Sun Nov 15, 2020 5:08 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Boron and Aluminum Octet Exception
- Replies: 1
- Views: 152
Boron and Aluminum Octet Exception
Hi! I know that Boron and Aluminum do not need to have a full octet, but I am confused as to why this is. Is there a specific reason for it? If so, can someone please explain it to me? Thank you.
- Sun Nov 15, 2020 5:02 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Dipole-dipole vs Dipole-induced dipole
- Replies: 5
- Views: 271
Re: Dipole-dipole vs Dipole-induced dipole
A dipole is a molecule with opposite slight chargers, such as water. Dipole-dipole interactions are when two of dipole molecules interact. An induced dipole happens when two molecules interact, causing one of the molecules to be distorted and make sort of a temporary dipole. A dipole-induced dipole ...
- Tue Nov 03, 2020 3:45 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: valence electrons
- Replies: 7
- Views: 401
Re: valence electrons
Hi! I believe that we just have to understand how to write the configurations for transition metals. I don't think knowing the exact number of valence electrons are completely necessary, but in regards to bonding for transitional metals, it would be a little more helpful to know what types of ions t...
- Tue Nov 03, 2020 3:38 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: g-, h-, ... orbitals
- Replies: 2
- Views: 188
Re: g-, h-, ... orbitals
Hi there! It isn't necessary for chemists to know about them or study these higher orbitals because there are currently no observable elements that we know of that would have electrons that would land in these orbitals. I believe there is some continuity for these higher orbitals in theory and that ...
- Tue Nov 03, 2020 3:35 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Determining Metalloids from Electron configuration
- Replies: 1
- Views: 496
Re: Determining Metalloids from Electron configuration
I think that it is pretty helpful to determine what is a metalloid using its electron configurations, but because of the ambiguity and differences between each of the metalloids, it would be better to just know which elements are metalloids or not. Metalloids are best determined and identified in my...
- Tue Nov 03, 2020 3:29 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Electron Config Exceptions
- Replies: 3
- Views: 263
Electron Config Exceptions
Hi! The two exceptions to the typical electron configuration rules are chromium and copper. I know that with their configurations, instead of filling the 4s orbital, it instead goes to the 3d orbital where it becomes the 3d 5 for chromium and 3d 10 for copper. I don't understand the reason for that ...
- Tue Nov 03, 2020 3:18 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: F orbitals?
- Replies: 21
- Views: 815
Re: F orbitals?
Hi!
I believe he said that we will not be working with the f-orbitals at all. All we really need to understand how to do is from 3d orbitals and up.
I believe he said that we will not be working with the f-orbitals at all. All we really need to understand how to do is from 3d orbitals and up.
- Fri Oct 23, 2020 4:45 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: multi-electron atom orbitals
- Replies: 2
- Views: 119
Re: multi-electron atom orbitals
Hi! I suppose you could say that. The number of electrons in an atom determines how many principles shells of an atom is filled, and thus how many orbitals are filled. By s, p, d, f numbers, I'm assuming you mean the angular momentum quantum number (l), so in some way you could say that. Hope this m...
- Fri Oct 23, 2020 4:40 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: 1 electron atom
- Replies: 2
- Views: 95
Re: 1 electron atom
Hi! The only time a 1 electron atom could ever really be in 5s would be if it was given enough energy and was in an excited state. I'd assume that if this were in a problem, you would be told explicitly it was excited or given values for you to be able to determine that it was excited. Otherwise, it...
- Fri Oct 23, 2020 4:37 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Writing Electron Configuration
- Replies: 2
- Views: 94
Re: Writing Electron Configuration
Hi! So we know that the ground state is an electron's most stable state, and that goes for its configuration as well. When we write out the configuration in the ground state, we will fill the lowest energy levels to their maximum first. For the excited electron configuration, when we are writing tha...
- Fri Oct 23, 2020 4:29 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Electron Density Distribution
- Replies: 8
- Views: 431
Re: Electron Density Distribution
Hi! Electron density distribution refers to the arrangement of the electrons within an orbital, not how many there are per se. The number of electrons in an orbital will be determined by how many electrons there are in the whole atom and then its distribution to each shell/orbital. The electron dens...
- Fri Oct 23, 2020 4:26 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: Spin Magnetic Quantum Number
- Replies: 6
- Views: 357
Re: Spin Magnetic Quantum Number
Hi! I don't think it is too important or necessary for us to know whether an electron is spin up or down, just that you know the ms=+1/2 is spin up and ms=-1/2 is spin down and that a filled orbital cannot have two of the same. Hope this helps!
- Fri Oct 23, 2020 4:23 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Sapling Homework week 2 problem 5
- Replies: 11
- Views: 555
Re: Sapling Homework week 2 problem 5
Hi! I think you should try (Planck's constant)(speed of light)/(9.33*10^-6) instead of (Planck's constant)(speed of light)/(9.33*10^-4). When you divide the latter by 100 instead of doing it like the former equation, I believe you get different answers. Hope this helps! If I'm wrong, please correct ...
- Fri Oct 23, 2020 4:12 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Energy Levels in the same Shell
- Replies: 2
- Views: 155
Energy Levels in the same Shell
Hi! In Lecture #10, it was concluded that s-electrons have a lower energy than p-electrons in the same shell. I am not sure about how we got to this conclusion. P-orbitals and d-orbitals have nodal planes, so that means that they have a nonsymmetric distribution of electron density, while s-orbitals...
- Sat Oct 17, 2020 8:22 pm
- Forum: General Science Questions
- Topic: Rydberg Equation
- Replies: 10
- Views: 414
Re: Rydberg Equation
In the Atomic Spectra video we had to watch, in the key concepts it says that Rydberg's constant is 3.29x15^15s^-1 but at another point in the video Prof says its 3.29x15^15 Hz. Can someone explain the difference between the units, or why there is no difference? I believe that Hz is a derived SI un...
- Sat Oct 17, 2020 8:13 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Focus 1A question 15
- Replies: 2
- Views: 96
Re: Focus 1A question 15
You're given the wavelength 102.6 in the ultraviolet spectrum of atomic hydrogen, which means that the initial energy level n 1 =1. (Think about the Lyman series and how he used ultraviolet light for it.) So we have the wavelength, and now we can solve for frequency using the equation frequency = c/...
- Sat Oct 17, 2020 7:06 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: How are you studying?
- Replies: 204
- Views: 24166
Re: How are you studying?
For me, I study by taking notes of the lectures and doing textbook problems. Typically when I do not understand something at first, I will read the textbook and see what their explanation is for a specific concept. I also ask on here if I still don't get it. If I don't get a textbook problem, that's...
- Sat Oct 17, 2020 6:59 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Wave Properties of Electrons
- Replies: 6
- Views: 323
Wave Properties of Electrons
Hi! I am not too sure how to word this question, but bear with me. In Lecture #7, Prof Lavelle talks about electrons passing through a crystal and how it was concluded that they show wave-like properties from that. What exactly happened when the electrons passed through the crystal for us to conclud...
- Tue Oct 13, 2020 11:45 am
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Light Intensity
- Replies: 5
- Views: 279
Re: Light Intensity
Light intensity in the wave model does not affect any part of the c=(wavelength)(frequency) equation. Light intensity translates to the amplitude of the waves in this model. As it was used in the experiment where they discovered the photoelectric effect, they made the light brighter (or more intense...
- Mon Oct 12, 2020 12:25 pm
- Forum: Empirical & Molecular Formulas
- Topic: Mass Percent Converted to Grams
- Replies: 4
- Views: 364
Mass Percent Converted to Grams
Hi! I think this might have been answered already, but I am still a little confused about it. When doing mass percent composition, why is that we turn the percentages into grams out of 100 grams. For example, a sample that is 64.7% C would be turned into 64.7 grams in order to turn it into moles? Wh...
- Mon Oct 05, 2020 6:31 pm
- Forum: Accuracy, Precision, Mole, Other Definitions
- Topic: precision for molar masses
- Replies: 14
- Views: 537
Re: precision for molar masses
Another thing that you can do is just avoid rounding until you get to the very end when it's time to officially answer the question and then just go by the significant figures rule or round to the hundredths place by then!
- Mon Oct 05, 2020 6:27 pm
- Forum: Significant Figures
- Topic: Rounding Rule
- Replies: 8
- Views: 370
Re: Rounding Rule
For significant figures, you round to the same number of significant figures of the values that the problem will usually give you. Oftentimes, the amount of significant figures from a periodic table differs if you use different ones. Also, rounding to the same number of decimal places isn't the same...