CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

it just means that it is not dependent on the reactants, hence the zero order r = kt

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

It will depend on the units you are given by the problem in order to figure out which R to use

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

when reversing the reaction, it would be 1/K

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

stp means standard temp and pressure, 273k and 1 atm

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

you look at phase changes if delta h is not given, in your example, one reactant was solid and the product was a gas, therefore you had to put in heat for that reaction to occur making it endothermic.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

K is when it is at equilibrium while Q is at a specific time during the reaction

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

i believe any type of K is solved the same way

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

units will always be significant when using gas constant R

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

its because the log rules, log(pka) + log(pkb) = pka*pkb

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

only true for monoprotic acids

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

the reason for x being negligible is because it is such a small value that it wont really have an effect to a larger number, thats why it is negligble, so any number larger than 10^-4, would mean the change is large enough to consider it

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I believe its 10^-4, that would be the safest option

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

K is literally just a constant, and the lower cased letter just tells you whether its related to pressure, concentration ,etc.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

K is literally just a constant, and the lower cased letter just tells you whether its related to pressure, concentration ,etc.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

Q is just products over reactants, so you will use [Mg2+] as products and [Sn2+] as reactants

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

your half reactions are correct, its just the shorthand, Cl and Cl should be right next to each other in the middle

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

potassium is really just there to keep the whole solution neutral

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

No, theres really no shortcut to it other than looking it up

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

a salt bridge is just really there for the continous flow of electrons

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

cathodes are those being reduced, and anodes are being oxidized

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

The problem will most likely clearly state whether it is basic or acidic

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

the differences between basic and acidic, is that, with basic, its mostly OH- ions, while with acidic, its mostly H+ ions, therefore, we want to balance equations out with its respective ions, the only extra step really is with basic ions, where you add the same amount of OH- ions to both sides of t...

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

you guys are on track, but make sure that because it is a basic solution, to add the same amount of OH- ions as H+ ions to both sides, which then will turn H+ into H2O and youll be to cancel out more molecules, which then you will get to your final equation

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

Basically for every basic solution, for every H+ ion, an extra step needed is to add the same amount of H+ ion, with OH- ion to both sides, aka 2 H+ on one side, add 2 OH- ions to both sides, which then in turn will turn the H+ ions to H20, then youd be able to cancel out H20 from the other side of ...

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

ITs important to memorize the rules for the final I would say

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

the only thing not included will always be solids and liquids

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

change of temp would affect the equilibrium constant, according to recent lessons.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

BL is sort of its own class, where you learn topics first hand and do not expect you to learn about any other concepts from other classes, you will do fine, I'm taking BL with 14B, and they basically are sort of separate, no prep needed really.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

K is a ration therefore the units do cancel out

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

it really depends on the units given for the problem, that would be the correct R to use

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

it can result in bonds being broken, then formed as well as phase changes, etc., these types of changes will result in it being an endothermic or exothermic reaction

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

phase changes are going from solid to liquid, liquid to gas, gas to liquid, so on and so forth.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

it can be a base or acid, depends on what kind of salt you are dealing with

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

That will always be the case as when you have to input energy, delta H has to be positive

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

they are the same thing in a concept of things, but I guess vapor is used when water is involved? But that might just be me.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

when it goes from solid to liquid, you know you have to input energy to get that phase change, therefore it is endothermic, and same thing with other phase changes.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

when it goes from solid to liquid, you know you have to input energy to get that phase change, therefore it is endothermic, and same thing with other phase changes.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I personally used the tfinal for this problem and got the correct answer, but that's just me

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

Use ICE box when you need to find concentrations, or when you're given initial or final concentration. and yes it is

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I think this is honestly true, but I would just always write [H+][A-], so then it sticks that you're multiplying the conjugate base and prevent any problems

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I definitely recommend flash cards to help memorize them, it'll make it easier to see whether something is a weak acid or base through this.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

after you got [OH] solve for [B], your Kb should be ([BH+][OH-]/[B]), you're given Kb so you solve for [B], which will give you your [B] AT EQUILIBRIUM, then after solving for [B] at equilibrium, you add [OH-] in order to get initial concentration of B. Afterwards you divide [OH-] by the initial con...

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I think you have been getting the correct answer you just forget to add [OH-] with [B], I was doing that and getting wrong answer

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

So from solving multiple problems, the fault I can see is it is either one answer of x will be negative or one answer will be too large which will result in the concentration total to be negative therefore it would have to be the other.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

Yes left side will always be reactants and right side will always be products, even if the reaction goes both ways, it is important to know this as this will be the Kc with those molecules as reactants and products. If flipped Kc would be the inverse or 1/Kc.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

so basically you're trying to find what the new equilibrium concentration would be if you added 1.0 M of NO2. So with the Kc you found from the original, you would then use icebox to solve what the new concentrations would be with 1.0 M added to NO2. Aka the initial would be 3.28 for NO2 and .463 fo...

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I would usually use ICE box to make sure all the steps I made were correct, it really is the most correct way to solve things even if there's something easier. I would use it to check your answer sometimes if you're unsure.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

so basically what you would do to solve this is using the ICE box, your initial would now be 2.94 for NO2 and 0.335 for N2O4, then you would solve it like the usual ICE box problem you do using the equilibrium constant you found for the first problem. Afterward, you would use the smallest x you solv...

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I believe you should always convert to moles, just so you can get the whole picture for the problem and just incase you do need it.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

You can only find the odd-numbered answers in the back of the book

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I believe it is with respect to the problem and what units they give, sometimes it can give mmHg or atm or torr, but take it with a grain of salt, you should ask a TA this question

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

always has to be in kelvin

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

because its moles over volume, that is the measurement for molarity, therefore n/V is molarity

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I wouldn't necessarily base the shape off its hybridization, as hybridization only gives the electron density connections, I would mostly base it off the AXE format, as it allows you to know how many electrons and actual elements its connected to

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

They're the same, just allows you to draw the lewis dot structure easier

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

Because it's bonded with a K+, the necessary Cu charge for it to be a non charged compound is Cu(I)

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

there's a charge in the compound therefore it is cobaltate

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I believe the lewis theory was based off the bronsted

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I basically went over my notes over a span of two weeks, went from week 1 to week 10 and did problems here and there, what also helped were the review sessions going over specific topics

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I recommend going to office hours and going over the past midterms with TA, then doing more textbook problems from the last three weeks

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

it's just a coincidence, not necessarily specific, just know that double is shorter than single and triple is shorter than double

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

Cl- is bigger because of the extra electron, that extra electron allows for more push from protons making the atomic radius larger

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

it means if you get a 50% in the class, you will receive a C-, anything below will be a fail

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

the final was cummulative, it included everything from week 1 to 10 unfortunately

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

there was no curve administered, it was just 10 points added

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

Co is bonded with 1 SO4 and 5 NH3 compounds, therefore the coordination compound is 6, remember that the number of bonds to the central metal ion determines its coordination number, only counts inside brackets also

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

unfortunately you kind of have to memorize the common oxidation numbers in order to find oxidation numbers of others, some I can grab at the top of my head it nitrite (no2-), nitrate (no3-), group elements from group 17 will always be -1, group elements from element 1 will always be +1, and group el...

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

it goes by alphabetical order, and literally by alphabetical order of the ions, so other examples were Co(NH3)3CL3, therefore since ammine is A and chlorine is C, it is first ammine triamminetrichlorocobalt(III)

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

it is short for ethylenediamine

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

naming is based on the literal name of the compounds so because ammine is A and Chloride is C, ammine comes first, then chloride

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

remember that the chlorine is inside the bracket so it is included in the name, it will be triamminetrichlorocobalt(III)

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

Hi, so you have to read the question thoroughly as it asks specifically what is the hybridization of Phosphorus , which then allows you to see then how many bonds and how many lone pairs are connected to the phosphorus, allowing you to then find the hybridization, dont let the picture intimidate you...

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

If they can form a resonance structure, they can form delocalized pi bonds

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I think you should know the shapes of the molecules which will allow you to figure out the angles

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

Hi, yes please take a look at table 2F.1 in the book, and it'll help you figure out the hybridization, based off the name of the shape as well as the orbitals

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

Because there is a total of 4 bonds for C, and 2 bonds with O and 2 lone pairs on O, the hybridization is found out to be SP3

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I've stated this earlier, memorize all the strong acids using flashcards, and memorize that all strong bases are OH- molecules .

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

It is recommended to memorize all the strong acids, as if you have seen all strong bases are basically OH- chemicals, it'll shorten the time for you when doing the math.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

No not at all, one is based on a chemical reaction while the other is based on an intermolecular force, do not get both mixed.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

From what I remember in High school chem, if this isn't correct please feel free to correct me, the Lewis acid-base was a furthermore specific explanation based on the Bronsted-Lowry explanation on acids and bases, that is why bronsted rules apply to lewis acid/bases but not vice versa.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

The table can be found in the textbook, cheers

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

Its because NF3 has a lone pair that contributes to its shape, unlike BF3 where B does not have a lone pair that contributes, therefore making it trigonal planar

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

H is not bonded to anything highly electronegative aka N, O, or F.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

because p is farther away from the nucleus (therefore farther away from protons), you need more energy to keep the electrons from leaving the atom, that's how I think of it

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

think of orbitals as an electron cloud where you can spot an electron at a specific place at a specific time, not really much to it

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

When 1 mole of atoms is being asked, then you multiply by Avogadro's number, but since only 1 atom is being asked you did not need to multiply

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

v= h/(m*lambda)

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

both find similar answers, it just depends on what is given

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

It has to be hydrogen paired with (of course itself), or F, O, or N

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

Double bonds are shorter because there are two bonds pulling on two particles rather than just one, making the bond (combined) stronger than a single

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

when the wavelength is continuous from when you add the picture again to both sides, it is compatible, but if the wavelength is not continuous when you add the photo of the wave from either side, then it is not compatible

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

First find the frequency using the c=lambda times frequency equation, then find the energy when the frequency is found using the E=hv equation, then with the number of grams of ice, multiply it times the enthalpy of fusion; then with the energy found divide the answer multiplied with grams of ice an...

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

from wavelength find the frequency, then once frequency is found, find energy, using E=hv, then multiply grams of ice by the enthalpy of fusion (per gram), then divide that by the energy you got from E=hv and you should get the answer

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

divide the mass of flourine by Avagadro's constant then multiply times 2 because it is diatomic and the rest should be smooth sailing

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

it depends on the problem given, it can act as a base and an acid

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

I would write down what is given and what the question is asking you to find, then I would go on the equation handout and find the equation to use to solve the problem, I would say that is the easiest way.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

To be honest, I believe everything you need to know about the midterm are the questions that is given on the syllabus, I would work through all those questions in order to understand the topic as a whole.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

All equations needed I believe are in a handout that will be given before midterm and such, no equations will be needed to be memorized I believe.

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

writing it does not matter, but usually as I know, it is preferred to use 10^x instead to reduce any confusions and such, though I do know phone calculators use e

Jose Miguel Conste 3H

the 10^x does not count, the first part does as 10^x basically means the number of 0s that come afterward

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