CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Parinita Jithendra 2A

It just depends on which unit is asked for in the problem. The final answer should be consistent with the units that are used throughout. Other than that I don't think one is preferred over the other

Parinita Jithendra 2A

it should be stated in the question. It should state if it is reversible isothermal and free expansion would be irreversible.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

When using K (equilibrium constant), it is best to use molarity just so that it makes the equations easier.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

Yup! that is correct, the metal ions by themselves do not affect pH

Parinita Jithendra 2A

An increase in pressure will shift the equilibrium towards the side of the reaction with fewer moles of gas and vice versa. The equilibrium will shift towards the side of the reaction with more moles of gas when there is a decrease in pressure.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

Kw is the equilibrium constant of water. However, this can be used to find the Ka and Kb because Ka times Kb gives Kw.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

When Q is less than K, the reaction will go in the forward direction which means that reaction will favor the production of products.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

In order to convert the concentration of OH to pH, you can first find pOH by doing -log[OH-]. Using this, you can subtract it by 14 to find pH.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

they are both considered strong acids however we can conclude which is stronger based on their oxidation numbers. In this case HClO4 is stronger acid.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

Increasing the amount of product would shift the equilibrium towards the reactant and increasing the reactants would shift the equilibrium towards the products.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

the units can be in either atm or bar but just make sure it is consistent with the rest of the problem.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

They are essentially the same thing as they both are equilibrium constants. However, Kc is more specific to concentrations as there is also Kp that is for partial pressures.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

The Ice table is definitely the best way to calculate for Kc. I would say review the lectures for that as well as practice using ice tables on the outline questions.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I would suggest just memorizing them and certainly using the mnemonics that are posted above can help remember them. I used these mnemonics for the midterm and it certainly helped.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

the reason they are not included is because the concentrations do not change during a reaction. They are constant throughout the reaction.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

If K is greater than 1, the products are favored since products is in the numerator. If K is less than 1, then the reactants are favored. If it is equal to 1, they are equally favored.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

Ka and Kb are essentially used for weak acids and bases because they don't dissociate completely so there are no high values which is necessary for strong acids and strong bases.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

pH is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Acidic solutions are measured to have lower pH values than basic or alkaline solutions.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

they both are essentially the same thing but K is when the reaction is in equilibrium and therefore the equilibrium constant. Q is also the ratio of the concentration of the products over reactants without it being in equilibrium

Parinita Jithendra 2A

You can use the 5% rule to see if approximation is okay. But a good rule to use is that if x is less than 1*10^-3, then we can approximate the value to prevent using the quadratic formula.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I would say that there are no units that are preferred but just make sure that it is consistent with the problem and R value that is being used is also consistent with whatever units you use

Parinita Jithendra 2A

You would use the R value that corresponds to the units that are being used. By looking at the units given, you will be able to see which R value can be cancelled out.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that are not subject to interparticle interactions

Parinita Jithendra 2A

Intermediates are in the reaction by first appearing as a product while catalysts are added into a reaction, however, they both cancel each other out

Parinita Jithendra 2A

H20 will be used if it is used as a catalyst which suggests that it is there at the start and end of the reaction. if it is a normal reactant you include it but if it is a solvent you will not include it.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

you would have to memorize this information but it is all grouped by the order it is in. For example, for 1st order the equation that can be used is t1/2 = 0.693/k. For the second order it is t1/2 = 1/k[A]0. last but not least [A]0/2k is the expression for 0 order.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

Gases have the greatest entropy and then liquids and then solids

Parinita Jithendra 2A

During complete combustion, CO2 and H2O is produced from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. During incomplete combustion, only CO is produced.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

the entropy would decrease in this case because the moles of the gas in the reaction decrease

Parinita Jithendra 2A

It results in a loss of temperature because heat is released into the surroundings. Because the surroundings are large, there are more macro states which suggests that there is a greater entropy

Parinita Jithendra 2A

A state function is a property that is independent and whose initial and final states are not affected by the path that was taken.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I think its referring to finding the entropy based on the phase state, size of molecule, and the order of the molecules. For example a solid would have lower entropy than a gas.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

The Gibbs free energy is the available energy of a substance that can be used in a chemical transformation or reaction

Parinita Jithendra 2A

The best way to look at it is in terms of the charge. Oxidized is when there is a less negative charge, in other words, there was a loss of electrons. Reduced is when there is a more negative charge, in other words, there is a gain of electrons.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

They both are quite similar in which both would use H2O but basic would produce to OH- ions and acidic would produce H+ ions.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

for me, I would say that it is helpful to review the textbook if you are unsure about a topic. However, I think that the textbook problems are definitely the best way to go practice the material and understand it better.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

You can use them based on the units given. You would use q=mCΔT if you are given the mass in grams and you would use q=nCΔT if you are given the moles.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

In thermo, q just represents heat. When there is constant pressure delta H represents heat which also makes it equal to q.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I find the textbook problems to be the most helpful simply because he has assigned all the problems that correlate with each important topic. Additionally, I occasionally watch YouTube videos to better understand the concepts that are confusing.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

Aneesha_Nema_3C wrote:You can never go wrong with a dipnmix crepe!!

Yea! I certainly agree, definitely one of my favorite places to go in Westwood

Parinita Jithendra 2A

all the answers for the questions in the outline can be found in the back of the textbook where it is labeled "odd numbered exercises." It is not detailed with explanations but it does provide the answers.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

for both midterms, I focused on the outline problems and for any questions I was really stuck on, I would rewatch the lecture or online videos to help me understand it. I personally would say that these methods certainly helped my score

Parinita Jithendra 2A

Honestly, the best way for me is to take a break from everything and just do something I enjoy, for me it's dance, but it can be anything. As much as we need to get in all the information by the next test or class, it is definitely important to take breaks. Studying while being burnt out is so diffi...

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I certainly think doing the assigned textbook problems help so much as it allows us to put the concepts into practice.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I really enjoyed studying in the engineering building. The rooms are open and quiet and natural light that comes in makes it feel better to study in.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

Thank you so much for this advice! as a pre-med student it is certainly encouraging to hear this

Parinita Jithendra 2A

pH and pOH is equal to 14 tgt. To find pOH you can just subtract pH by 14, and vice-versa

Parinita Jithendra 2A

The percent ionized is the fraction of the original compound that has ionized; how much of an acid or base has dissociated. We do this by by dividing the concentration of the conjugate acid/base by the initial concentration of the acid/base. The 5% rule is used for approximation. If you exceed 5%, t...

Parinita Jithendra 2A

K is the equilibrium constant and Kc/Kp are variations of it. For example, when we use Kc we are finding the concentrations and Kp is the equilibrium constant for partial pressures

Parinita Jithendra 2A

to find the right r-value, it is completely based on the units. U can convert it at the beginning or at the end. But it would be better to do it in the beginning so that you don't need to make extra calculations

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I would say just do a last min review but do not spend all night studying because it is much more important to get that full night's rest

Parinita Jithendra 2A

thank you Dr.Lavelle!
I am so glad I was able to take these last two courses with you. I was able to understand the material and greatly appreciated all of the additional resources provided to us on your website!

Parinita Jithendra 2A

You can look at it as the central atom in an octahedral can form 6 bonds which is also why it has a coordination number of 6. The number of bonds that the central atom can hold is very important.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

VSEPR is an acronym that stands for valence shell electron pair repulsion. It is useful for predicting and visualizing molecular structures. The structures are: linear, trigonal planar, angled, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, disphenoidal (seesaw), t-shaped, octahedral, square...

Parinita Jithendra 2A

bond length has the same periodic trend as the atomic size. You can look at the periodic table diagonally and see that the closer it is to the bottom left of the table, the greater the bond length and atomic size are.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I would say look the periodic table diagonally because it helps see which is closest to the top right would be more electronegative. In this case, Cl would be more

Parinita Jithendra 2A

the formal charge helps figure out if the atom has the right amount of electrons for the octet. It is ideal to have a formal charge of 0 and that is usually what we are trying to obtain. a neg formal charge would show that there is an extra electron and a positive one would show that there is less e...

Parinita Jithendra 2A

yup! you are correct. When the electronegativity is balanced out by the dipoles canceling out, it becomes a non polar molecule. The shape can sometimes help you figure this out

Parinita Jithendra 2A

each line represents two electrons. I think that when you heard 1, they were referring to the pairs of electrons as it shared between two different atoms.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

They are generally metals and nonmetals. But I think an easier way to remember is that a cation has a positive charge and an anion has a negative charge

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I don't think that it means the same thing. I think that it just suggests that it is able to react both as an acid and a base. However, H2O would be both neutral and amphoteric as it can donate and gain.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

it is the number that shows the strength of an acid. Ka is the acid dissociation constant (how completely acid dissociates in an aq solution. pKa helps predict what a molecule will do at a specific pH.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

they are the same thing and you should get the same answer. we get H+ ions from H30 and that is why they are interchangeable

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I think that as long as you have the H+ ions OH ion or pOH you should be able to calculate pH. I believe they will give you at least one in a problem.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I believe that the question should give you the pH or you can use what is given to solve for the pH. the property can also help you confirm it.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

HAHA this is so funny. I love this meme

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I would recommend new girl, Brooklyn 99, grey's anatomy, and vampire diaries!

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I hope to go on a small trip with my family as well as just catching up with them. My friends and I were also thinking of driving to Tahoe for a fun little getaway.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I think I am feeling more confident about chemistry as this class goes by. I am definitely feeling a little stressed as well since finals are coming up but I am excited for break

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I think that most people are planning on choosing the same option that they had for the midterms unless they have an explanation for the other option.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I def think this class being one of the first in person classes was difficult to adjust to. However, I just made sure to take it by day and try to review lectures as they were taught so that the material sticks and I don't need to cram last min

Parinita Jithendra 2A

congrats! im glad that your hard work paid off. I shall definitely implement your study methods into my studying for the final!

Parinita Jithendra 2A

Mine was pretty good. I got to spend a lot of time with my family including my dog which was fun. I am looking forward to winter break as well!

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I believe that you can still work on the assignments. However, you will not be able to receive credit. It is still a great way to review your work

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I think there will be a majority of the questions from the new topics. I would say about 15 from the newer sections and 15 or the remaining questions cumulative

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I think that they will add all of the points at the end of the quarter and put it into the ccle.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

thank you sm! this will definitely be helpful to review and study for the final

Parinita Jithendra 2A

Personally, doing all of the suggested textbook problems on the syllabus helped. I would also say try to review any information that is slightly confusing by going to review sessions as it makes the conceptual topics easier to understand

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I heard that in the past it has been about 30 multiple choice questions but I am not 100% sure.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

i would say go to the review sessions if you are confused about a topic as well as do all of the suggested problems in the syllabus

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I think the final has 30 multiple choice questions similar to the midterm and it is also cumulative

Parinita Jithendra 2A

oliviacarnot wrote:i honestly recommend reading "the science of cooking". it goes into the chemistry of cooking for everyday items and more, it also gives some fun facts of sorts.

I shall definitely check this out as I do want to try new foods this holiday season!

Parinita Jithendra 2A

This seems really interesting! I barely cook but I definitely would try mixing chemistry into it as it may even help me understand chemistry better. Thank you the YouTube links as well, I am looking forward to trying it!

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I think that week 4 will be on the second midterm. But I am not sure if it will include weeks 4-6 or weeks 4-7.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I think that it will depend on the material and which units he wants to combine. However, it will be due on Sundays and we will know the due date on the date that it is assigned!

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I'm glad that we didn't have to come up with the formulas for the midterm but thank you for sharing the thread! it is certainly helpful for the future

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I agree with the others, I was initially confused before as well as the textbook did not specify that it was either one and not both. But yep molecules would be for covalently bonded and formula units for ionic bonds. However, I don't think we need to know exactly which one we are finding yet, as we...

Parinita Jithendra 2A

The ratio you have is correct! The only way to make sure would be to balance the equation and see the number of moles of each molecule and it seems like that is what you did here!

Parinita Jithendra 2A

It would be helpful to just use the second method, unless you know that it is a one to one ratio. I have been using the second method for the textbook problems and it has worked for every problem so far!

Parinita Jithendra 2A

Just to clarify, does this mean that we should treat the mass of the molecule throughout the problem as being its mass plus the mass of the nH20? yup! it would technically be considered a "joint molecule" when solving the equation. For instance, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate would includ...

Parinita Jithendra 2A

you should multiply the subscripts until you get a whole number, simply because it would be difficult to have half a element or whatever the fraction would be

Parinita Jithendra 2A

for the future exams, I would say learn maybe the basic and well known polyatomic ions. I learned some ions based on what was expected of us to know on the textbook problems that were assigned to us in the syllabus, such as nitrate or sulfate

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I look at it as the empirical formula would be the lowest ratio of the element composition, not necessarily the actual molecule. The molecular formula is more the actual molecule formula as it takes the molar mass into account!

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I don't think sig figs are stressed for the test since it is multiple choice, but it can be helpful when solving the equation. I also suggest not using sig figs until the end as it helps finding a more accurate answer!

Parinita Jithendra 2A

How many step up sessions would you recommend going to? I definitely need to find different ways to understand the material and be ready for the midterm!

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I heard that it is usually posted within three to five days of midterm

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I found doing the textbook problems that he assigned on the syllabus to be extremely helpful as it mirrors the style of the exams and gives you a better understanding on how to understand chemistry conceptually.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

Thank you Dr. Lavelle for making this class enjoyable and easier to understand. After not taking chemistry for four years, it was slightly difficult to adjust to, but your teaching methods have made it better to understand.

Parinita Jithendra 2A

Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, sodium, and phosphorous walk into a bar."OH SNaP!" says the bartender. tehehe

Parinita Jithendra 2A

I wanted to say congrats on medical school! This advice is certainly helpful as I know that the information taught in this class will be valuable in the future as well. Lately, the shift from online to in person has been slightly difficult to adjust to, but this was really assuring and hopefully I c...

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