CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Mackenzie Lay 2H

The difference between kinetics controlled reactions and thermodynamics controlled reactions is the aspects that influence the rate and outcome of the reaction. Kinetics controlled reactions are primarily affected by the rates of reaction and the activation barrier. Thermodynamics controlled reactio...

Mackenzie Lay 2H

A concentration cell is a certain type of electrochemical cell where two half-cells are made up of the same material; however, they have different concentrations of ions. This causes them to generate an electromotive force through the concentration gradient between the two half-cells. An example wou...

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Electromotive Force is the voltage generated by a source such as a battery or a generator. The maximum potential difference is the voltage measured across the terminals of the source when no current is drawn from it.

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hi! I found the answer to be 117.256. The formula I would use is deltaS = CP,m ln (T2/T1), 109.0 J*K^-1*mol^-1, anddeltaS = CP,m ln(T2/T1).

Mackenzie Lay 2H

I found the answer to be 0.5937! I used the formula delta S = Cvln(T2/T1).

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello! The change in the entropy of a system measures the disorder within the system. Standard entropy is a value for substances under standard conditions. The entropy of the surroundings accounts for entropy changes in the environment. and the change in entropy of the universe reflects the overall ...

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hi!
The reverse of ln is e, so the equation for K would be e^(deltaG/-RT)!

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hi! The difference between delta Hvap and delta H is that Hvap specifically refers to the enthalpy change from one mole of a substance undergoing vaporization from liquid to gas. However, deltaH is a more general term that represents the overall change in enthalpy of a system.

Mackenzie Lay 2H

How does a change in Gibbs free energy connect with the equilibrium constant for a reaction?

Mackenzie Lay 2H

How does temperature influence the spontaneity of a reaction?

Mackenzie Lay 2H

How do we tell which part of an equation is the anode and which one is the cathode?

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello!
How do we use Nernst equation to calculate cell potentials that are at non-standard conditions?

Mackenzie Lay 2H

How do collisions between reacting molecules lead to chemical reactions, and how is this concept related to reaction kinetics?

Mackenzie Lay 2H

How do reaction mechanisms help explain the kinetics of complex reactions?

Mackenzie Lay 2H

How do catalysts affect chemical kinetics?

Mackenzie Lay 2H

What is the rate law of a reaction, and how is it related to kinetics as in first order, second order, etc.?

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello!
What are the factors the influence the rate of a chemical reaction?

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello!
Is anyone able to explain to me the difference in which the Van't Hoff equation is applied to either endothermic or exothermic reactions.
Thanks!

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello!
What is the relationship between the Van't Hoff equation and understanding spontaneity of a reaction and contrasting temperatures?
Thanks!

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello!
Can someone explain to me the relationship between standard reaction entropy and Gibbs free energy? Also, how does this affect the spontaneity of a reaction?
Thanks!

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello!
Is there any way that temperature affects the calculation of standard reaction entropy?
Thanks!

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello! Just wanted to make sure my understanding of isolated systems was correct. An isolated system is when nor energy or matter can be transferred from the system, correct? So, for instance, the only way for a thermos to be an isolated system would be if it were sealed (no transfer of matter) and ...

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello!
Is there a difference between how we solve irreversible vs. reversible reactions when considering the second law of thermodynamics compared to the first?
Thanks!

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello!
Could someone help me understand and give me a few examples of the difference between irreversible vs. reversible reactions? I understand that irreversible reactions are sudden, but are there any other factors that point to it or factors that point to reversible?
Thanks!

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hi!
I had a quick question about the underlined part of this problem. I understand how to find the heat change, but is there a reason why we divide the water heat change by the copper kettle heat change? I feel like I'm misunderstanding the question and could use some pointers!
Thanks!

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hi!
I attached a photo that will hopefully help explain the process!

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hi! Although proportional disorder and residual entropy are related, they are not entirely the same. The definition of positional disorder is the lack of a well-defined particle arrangement in a substance; however residual entropy is defined as the measure of the entropy left in a substance at the t...

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hi!
I think that you're missing the *4 for the trinitrotoluene!

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hi! Enthalpy is considered a state function since it depends only on the initial and final states of a system rather than the path to reach the final state. For instance, the phase transition of water from liquid to vapor. The enthalpy change during this phase change is known as the enthalpy of vapo...

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hi! From my understanding, we can't effectively use van't Hoff equation when there are concentration terms for pure solids and liquids. van't Hoff equation is mostly used when there is a significant change in temperature as well as if the enthalpy change is mostly constant over that range. For react...

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hi! From my understanding, it seems as though the first law equation deltaU = q + w is just more of a general equation of detlaU = deltaH - PdeltaV. In the first equation, delta U is the change in internal energy; however, when we consider PdeltaV, we consider whether the system is undergoing expans...

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hi! I'm not completely sure what this question is asking, but throughout this class I've seen a bomb calorimeter, isothermal calorimeter, and adiabatic calorimeter mentioned. If you remember from some of the practice problems, we know that a bomb calorimeter is an exampled of an isolated system as w...

Mackenzie Lay 2H

There are some different cases where temperatures can remain the same! Heat exchange with surroundings for each reaction could occur. For instance, in an exothermic reaction, if the surrroudnings absorb the released heat, it can prevent the temperature for rising; however, in an endothermic reaction...

Mackenzie Lay 2H

What kind of effect does pressure have on the equilibrium constant (K)? Is it the same as temperature?

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hi everyone! I was wondering how Q is affected by temperature. On Achieve Hw1 #7, I know that since K increased, Q was less than K. However, does Q change values because of the temperature change directly or does it change because K changes? Like since K increased, it just happens to be greater than...

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello! Yes, the equilibrium constant (K) can change with a change in temperature when speaking about chemical equilibrium. According to Le Chatelier's principle, if a system that is at equilibrium is subjected to a temperature change, the system will adjust to the change. Q will also change with a t...

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello!
In order to calculate percent ionization, you need to find the number of ions produced and the total number of molecules that exist. You divide the number of ions produced by the total number of molecules and you multiply the value by 100.

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello!
Yes, that's true! Since water is in its liquid state in this equation, no effect would be observed. Water does not appear in the K expression.

Mackenzie Lay 2H

What's the difference between the values of Q and K? I know that they're calculated in the same way, but in what circumstances would we use one over the other?
Thanks!

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Can someone point me into the right direction for finding x? I got up to the point where I have a quadratic equation, but I've been getting two negative numbers as the answer and I know that's not correct. Also, the hint says I don't need to use the quadratic equation. I'm sort of lost on where to g...

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello! You would look to use an ICE table when there are multiple concentrations that you are not given to you by the initial question. For instance, if only one concentration was missing and you are given the Kc value, you would be able to just put the known values into Kc = [prod]/[react] to get y...

Mackenzie Lay 2H

Hello!
We will know that the partial pressure of H2 will be equal in both containers because the amount of moles of H2 are equal. The amount of Br2 will also be the same across both containers as well.

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