CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Bethel Tesfamicael

What did the biologist wear to impress the chemist?

Re: Designer Genes

Bethel Tesfamicael

THAT WAS SODIUM FUNNY!!!

Bethel Tesfamicael

What did the scientist say when they found two isotopes of helium?

Re: HeHe

Bethel Tesfamicael

how does intermolecular forces impact phase transitions, also are we likely to see a certain type of force in a certain phase.

Bethel Tesfamicael

can someone explain the connection between intermolecular forces and the solubility of different molecules (when it comes to other bonding, other than hydrogen)

Bethel Tesfamicael

how do intermolecular forces contribute to the surface tension of liquids?

Bethel Tesfamicael

In chemistry, hydrogen bonds are stronger but in biology covalent bonds for and example are stronger, is this because in biology we focus on more things in nature compared to chemistry which is more lab based.

Bethel Tesfamicael

what is the importance of hund's rule in determining paramagnetic behavior?

Bethel Tesfamicael

how does bond order affect the reactivity of molecules?

Bethel Tesfamicael

how does bond order change in resonance structures?

Bethel Tesfamicael

According to VSEPR theory, what is a steric number and how is it related to molecular geometry?

Bethel Tesfamicael

what is the difference between a bond pairing and a lone pairing when using VSEPR theory?

Bethel Tesfamicael

s stands for sigma, pi stands fro p so what does the d represent is it a mixture of sigma and pi bonds or is it it's own separate section?

Bethel Tesfamicael

how does hybridization affect bond angles?

Bethel Tesfamicael

there is a hack used on the periodic table which can be used to break down, can anyone explain it to be?

Bethel Tesfamicael

what is degeneracy and how does is it applied to the molecular orbital theory?

Bethel Tesfamicael

how does the molecular orbital theory differ from the the valance bond theory because the overall premise seem to be the same?

Bethel Tesfamicael

what is bents rule? how does it contribute to the understanding of these shapes?

Bethel Tesfamicael

is it possible to have a tetrahedral molecule with 120 degrees or trigonal planer with 109 degrees (all the other degrees would be different fro each other) or do all molecules have to be symmetrical to one another?

Bethel Tesfamicael

how does molecular symmetry influence the overall shape of a molecule?

Bethel Tesfamicael

what causes there to be a shift/ change in the shape or a chemical structure?

Bethel Tesfamicael

what is the difference between high spin and low spin configurations?

Bethel Tesfamicael

can someone breakdown the crystal field theory? I am aware that it is used to explain electronic structures but is there more too it for us to better understand the chemical structures?

Bethel Tesfamicael

can someone breakdown how to correctly name C8H14O2?

Bethel Tesfamicael

can bond length be used to predict bond strength?

Bethel Tesfamicael

can atoms share more than one pair of electrons in a covalent bond?

Bethel Tesfamicael

is it possible to have nonpolar covalent bond that has a dipole or an uneven distribution of electrons?

Bethel Tesfamicael

what is lattice energy in the context of ionic bonds?

Bethel Tesfamicael

are there any ionic bonds that does not have an electron transfer?

Bethel Tesfamicael

whats the difference in stability between the major and minor structures?

Bethel Tesfamicael

does having no charge or a positive and negative charge which leads to an overall charge of 0, have more resonance?

Bethel Tesfamicael

does a zero formal charge mean that atom is neutral charge or does that mean that there is a more stable structure with no charges or little to no charges?

Bethel Tesfamicael

can a pi bond exist without a sigma bond and can a sigma bond exist without a pi bond?

Bethel Tesfamicael

why are pi bonds stronger than sigma bonds when in order to have a sigma bond to have double bonds? Is it because there is more of pi bonds than sigma in a bond?

Bethel Tesfamicael

Is it possible to have a quadruple bond something like [C (- 4X) C ]and if so how many sigma bonds or pi bonds would that consist of?

Bethel Tesfamicael

how to determine which element on the perodic table has a higher electronegativity when both are in the same period? Also are there exceptions to the electronegativity rule?

Bethel Tesfamicael

How do you determine the most balanced/ major structure formal charge of an atom in a lewis structure if all of the atoms have a charge?

Bethel Tesfamicael

How to determine when to use the octect rule when you have an atom with more than eight electrons?

Bethel Tesfamicael

The optimal distance for chelation depends on the specific characteristics of the metal ion and the ligand in question, and it is determined by factors such as the size and electronic configuration of both the metal ion and the ligand.

Bethel Tesfamicael

The key difference between a complex ion and a regular charged ion lies in their structure. Regular charged ions are formed by the loss or gain of electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge on a single atom. In contrast, complex ions involve a central metal ion interacting with surrou...

Bethel Tesfamicael

The charges of transition metals in compounds can vary, and determining them involves considering the overall charge of the compound. The charges are often deduced by balancing the charges of other ions in the compound. Common oxidation states or charges for specific transition metals can be observe...

Bethel Tesfamicael

The name of a complex compound would change based on whether it forms through covalent or ionic bonding. For covalent compounds, the naming typically involves prefixes and suffixes to indicate the number of atoms and the nature of the bonding. On the other hand, for ionic compounds, the names often ...

Bethel Tesfamicael

Sigma bonds contribute to the primary strength and stability of a molecule by forming direct head-on overlaps, while pi bonds, though weaker, add extra reinforcement to the overall molecular structure, especially in molecules with multiple bonds.

Bethel Tesfamicael

Yes, when determining the level of hybridization in a molecule, you should consider lone pairs in addition to bonded pairs of electrons. The concept of hybridization helps explain the geometry and bonding in molecules. The number of hybrid orbitals formed is equal to the sum of the number of sigma b...

Bethel Tesfamicael

Super acids can have a negative pH because the pH scale is logarithmic and based on the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺). In extremely strong acids, the concentration of H⁺ ions is so high that the logarithm of the H⁺ concentration results in a negative pH value. It's an extreme end of the pH sca...

Bethel Tesfamicael

The strength of an acid is often determined by the presence of more electronegative atoms or groups that can stabilize the negative charge on the conjugate base. Generally, as electronegativity increases or the size of the atom bearing the acidic hydrogen decreases, the acid strength increases. Addi...

Bethel Tesfamicael

when comparing resonance structures, prioritize the ones with lower formal charges or those where formal charges are distributed more favorably. Lower energy resonance structures are typically more stable and contribute more significantly to the overall description of the molecule.

Bethel Tesfamicael

if you notice an uneven number of electrons in a molecular formula or if there are atoms with an unpaired electron, you might be dealing with a radical. Radicals are often reactive and play a crucial role in various chemical processes, particularly in radical reactions where they participate in the ...

Bethel Tesfamicael

Lewis acids and bases are defined based on their ability to accept or donate electron pairs, making the Lewis acid-base theory more versatile and applicable to a variety of chemical reactions compared to other acid-base theories.

Bethel Tesfamicael

While hydrogen bonds fall under the broader category of dipole-dipole interactions, not all dipole-dipole interactions are hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonding is a specific and stronger type of dipole-dipole interaction.

Bethel Tesfamicael

Even though a molecule may be asymmetric, if there is a difference in electronegativity between its constituent atoms, it can still have a dipole moment and exhibit dipole-dipole forces. The key is the unequal sharing of electrons, which gives rise to the polarity of the molecule.

Bethel Tesfamicael

a large electronegativity difference implies a strong desire for one atom to possess the electrons, leading to a more ionic character in the bond. It's like a lopsided sharing of electrons, where one atom ends up with a substantial electron surplus, and the other with a deficit.

Bethel Tesfamicael

The interplay of intermolecular forces, molecular size, shape, and symmetry collectively determines a molecule's melting point.

Bethel Tesfamicael

The uneven distribution of charge in polar molecules is a consequence of the unequal sharing of electrons, while nonpolar molecules exhibit a more symmetric electron distribution, leading to a lack of an overall dipole moment.

Bethel Tesfamicael

Electronegativity sets the stage for the type of bond—either one atom taking charge (ionic) or a shared responsibility (covalent). The greater the electronegativity difference, the more polar and ionic the bond; the smaller the difference, the more covalent and evenly shared the electrons.

Bethel Tesfamicael

The greater the difference in electronegativity, the more ionic the bond becomes. In contrast, when electronegativity values are similar, electrons are shared more equally, and a covalent bond forms with a lesser degree of ionic character.

Bethel Tesfamicael

A double bond is shorter than a single bond because it involves the sharing of more electrons and is stronger, pulling the bonded atoms closer together

Bethel Tesfamicael

Charge takes more priority than size when determining polarizing power. A higher charge on an ion or atom results in stronger polarizing power, even though size plays a role as well.

Bethel Tesfamicael

Polarizability is significant because it affects how easily an atom or ion can distort its electron cloud in response to external forces, impacting various chemical and physical properties, such as solubility, reactivity, and intermolecular interactions.

Bethel Tesfamicael

When assessing the polarizability of an ion, it's essential to consider its atomic radius first. A larger atomic radius makes an ion more polarizable. This is because the electrons in a larger atomic shell are farther from the nucleus, making them easier to distort in response to an external electri...

Bethel Tesfamicael

Polarizability refers to an atom's ability to change its electron distribution when subjected to an external electric field. It increases as you move down a group on the periodic table. Electronegativity, on the other hand, measures an atom's tendency to attract electrons in a chemical bond. While p...

Bethel Tesfamicael

The limiting reactant is identified by comparing the mole ratios of the reactants to the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation and determining which reactant runs out first.

Bethel Tesfamicael

The s-orbital fills first before the d-orbital. However, in electron configurations, the orbitals are often written in a way that simplifies the notation, showing the d-orbital before the s-orbital for elements like copper and chromium. This notation reflects the stability achieved by having a half-...

Bethel Tesfamicael

In an excited state electron configuration, we switch d and p orbitals and lower d's principal quantum number (n) by one to represent the higher energy level where the electron is located. This adjustment reflects the electron's transition to a higher energy orbital, which is essential for an accura...

Bethel Tesfamicael

The work function is the minimum energy needed to release an electron from a material's surface, while the threshold energy is the minimum energy required to initiate a specific reaction or process, which may or may not involve electron emission

Bethel Tesfamicael

No, not just hydrogen and fluorine. Other elements can also be used to complete an octet and form coordinate covalent bonds with Lewis acids if they have available electron pairs to share.

Bethel Tesfamicael

Atoms like phosphorus can be stable with more than 8 electrons, expanding their valence shell. They can accommodate additional electrons in their outermost energy level.

Bethel Tesfamicael

Yes, there is a trend in electronegativity on the periodic table. Electronegativity generally increases from left to right across a period and decreases from top to bottom within a group.

Bethel Tesfamicael

106033555 wrote:im confused with what exactly does formal charge means when we calculate?

Formal charge is a way to assess the distribution of electrons in a molecule. It helps identify if atoms have more or fewer electrons than their neutral state, which can affect their reactivity and stability in a compound.

Bethel Tesfamicael

if resonance isn't just the electron moving around super fast because it's shared with the other atoms in the molecule then what's going on? (or am I sorta right idk) In resonance, electrons are delocalized and move freely within a molecule, creating multiple possible electron distributions or stru...

Bethel Tesfamicael

Bea Cruz wrote:Is a single bond shorter or longer than a double bond?

A double bond is shorter than a single bond.

Bethel Tesfamicael

Hey! Does anyone have tips for drawing bonds and lone pairs for Lewis Structure molecules? So far I've started the Lewis Structures by drawing a single bond between each atom, but beyond that, I go through trial and error to find the correct drawing that uses the correct number of electrons and has...

Bethel Tesfamicael

Hi, I am still a little confused about how we know when to use Avogadro's constant. I know sometimes we multiply or divide by it but I am confused about when. Avogadro's constant represents the number of entities in one mole of a substance, and these entities can be electrons, ions, atoms, or molec...

Bethel Tesfamicael

505968894 wrote:How can you tell if a compound is acidic or basic?

You can determine if a compound is acidic by testing its pH. If the pH is less than 7, it's acidic. If the pH is greater than 7, it's basic

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