Exceptions [ENDORSED]

[tiffanyteguh1C]

Aside from the Copper and Chronium, are there any exceptions that we need to be aware of?

[Alex Leve 3F]

I believe copper and chromium are the only exceptions that we will need to know for test 3.

[Ammar Amjad 1L]

Yeah, you only need to know copper and chromium.

[Rithik Kumar 3E]

Copper and Chromium are the only exceptions we need to be aware of as of now. They are exceptions due to the small difference in energy between the 3d and 4s orbitals. Thus it would be energetically stable for the 3d orbitals to be either half filled or fully filled as oppose to the 4s orbital being full.

[Dylan Mai 1D]

Regarding periodic trend exceptions, at a peer learning session I learned that carbon and oxygen are exceptions to e- affinity and ionization energy respectively because carbon wants to gain 1 e- to have a half filled 2p and oxygen wants to lose an e- for the same reason