Ionic and Covalent Bonds properties

[Marriyum Aftab 2E]

Hi, what are some tips in regards to remembering the properties of ionic and covalent bonds. Also what is the best way to identify and differentiate the two?

[Annabelle Jeon 3K]

Ionic bonds are formed between ions with opposite charges, which are basically atoms or molecules with a net positive or negative charge as a result of the gain or loss of electrons i.e. Na+ SO4 2- , NH4+ Essentially, they happen between anions and cations and are a result of the COMPLETE transfer of a set of electrons of one atom to another. Covalent bonds are formed as a result of the SHARING of electrons and happen between atoms or molecules with lower differences in electronegativty-which is also a great way to differentiate between them. An electronegativity difference between two substances greater than 2 denotes an ionic bond while less than 1.5 are covalent bonds.

[Jonathan Shalom 3C]

Tips for remembering:
- Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals, involve the transfer of electrons, and result in charged particles (ions).
- Covalent bonds form between nonmetals, involve the sharing of electrons, and molecules are usually neutral.

To differentiate:
- Check elements: Metals with nonmetals usually form ionic bonds; nonmetals with nonmetals form covalent bonds.
- State at room temperature: Ionic compounds are often solid salts; covalent compounds can be gases, liquids, or solids.