pi bonds vs sigma bonds

[006463452]

Sigma bonds can be an overlapping of s/p orbitals, do pi bonds have variation as well or are they only two overlapping pi bonds? Why do pi bonds overlap in a different perpendicular configuration?

[606199591]

Pi bonds can form from the sideways overlap of p orbitals, and there can be variations depending on the orientation of those orbitals. They overlap in a perpendicular configuration because the p orbitals must align side-by-side rather than head-on, which is different from the end-to-end overlap in sigma bonds.

[Richa Thakre 1E]

Pi bonds are formed by the side-by-side overlap of unhybridized \( p \)-orbitals. Unlike sigma bonds, which can form from s, p, or hybrid orbitals, pi bonds always involve parallel p-orbitals and do not vary in type.

Pi bonds overlap in a perpendicular configuration because p-orbitals must align parallel to each other for effective side-by-side overlap. This configuration keeps the electron density of the pi bond above and below the sigma bond axis, reducing repulsion and stabilizing the molecule.