What elements can have more than 8e-?

[Lara Almeida 3D]

In Monday's class Dr. Lavelle explained that in the case of the Lewis Structure for sulfate Ion, for it to be stable and the formal charge to be equal to 0, sulfure must hold 12 electrons in it's outer shell. How do we know when an element is supposed to have an expanded octet? Does this only happen for ions?

[Chem_Mod]

I will discuss this in detail in Wednesday's class and do more examples.

The answer is row 3 elements and onwards can use d states/orbitals in bonding and therefore have more than an octet.

[MaiVyDang2I]

The textbook in chapter 2C (Beyond the Octet Rule), it says that the central atom that has an empty d-orbital (p-atom of period 3 or later) can hold more than 8e-.

[Nico Towfighian 3L]

Atoms that have access to D-orbitals are no longer restrained to the octet rule

[Cassidy Chiong 2J]

Hi!

Entering the 3rd energy level causes the d orbital to become available; this allows for an expanded octet, or more than 8 e-. Therefore, elements in energy levels 1 and 2 cannot have expanded octets because only the s and p orbitals are available to them.

[SerenaSabedra]

Beginning in the third period, atoms that contain subshells 3d and beyond can hold more than 8 electrons because these subshells hold more electrons.

[105743571]

Elements with d-block orbitals. This is possible because the energy difference between empty 3d orbitals and 4s orbitals are about the same, hence additional d orbitals can hold more electrons.