distinguishing dipole moments

[CaminaB_1D]

Can someone explain to me how we know there is a dipole moment in terms of bond vectors? perhaps an example as well?

[cara_cavarretta_3F]

Vectors having to do with dipoles denote the direction of charge going from positive to negative or negative to positive. In the molecule H20, attached is a picture of the vector of the bent molecule in which the vector goes from the positive upward bent hydrogen atoms down to the downward negative oxygen atom, making this a dipole. In the case of CO2 however, the vectors both go out toward the linearly bonded oxygen atoms, and the vectors cancel each other out so there is no dipole moment. https://chem.libretexts.org/@api/deki/f ... revision=1