Electron Withdrawing/Donating

[Patience-2L]

Can someone please explain what electron withdrawing means and electron donating and how it affects wheter or not it is a Lewis acid or base? Thanks

[Averie Moore 2F]

The Lewis acid is the electron acceptor and the Lewis base is the electron donator. Electron-withdrawing groups (halogens, carbonyl groups, nitro groups) have high electronegativity and tend to pull electron density away from the surrounding groups. Electron-donating groups (alkyl groups, amino groups, hydroxyl groups) have lower electronegativity and tend to donate electron density to the surrounding groups.