Cation outside coordination sphere

[DHavo_1E]

Hi,

Could someone explain when or why a cation would be outside the coordination sphere? Thanks in advance!

[William Chan 1D]

The coordination sphere is made up of the ligands directly attached to the central ion.
If the coordination sphere has a net negative charge, it has the potential to attract cations to help neutralize the charge.

[Louise Lin 2B]

It is possible for cations to be outside the coordinate sphere if the net charge of the coordinate sphere is negative. This would allow for positive cations to be attracted to the outside of the coordinate sphere as a whole.