Effect of non standard conditions

[Aarav Kakad 2K]

Typically for the acid-base problems we have been doing, we just assume that the reactions taking place are all at 25 degrees Celsius, and as such the K_w is always 1 * 10^-14, leaving a very clear indication that acids have a pH under 7 and bases are over 7. How much would you need to change the conditions from 25 degrees Celsius to the point where acids having a pH over 7 or bases having a pH under 7 is possible?

[Richa Thakre 1E]

At 25°C, water's Kw is 1 x 10^-14, making the neutral pH equal to 7. If the temperature increases, Kw increases because water ionizes more at higher temperatures.If the temperature decreases, \( K_w \) decreases, and the neutral pH rises above 7. At higher temperatures, acids could have a pH greater than 7 or bases less than 7, depending on the Kw value and concentrations. This happens because "neutral" shifts with Kw