Textbook 4.15

[Kyle_Phong_2J]

For 4.15 in the textbook, I'm not sure why there is a negative sign when they use -4.184 J/degrees C*g as the specific heat of water.

[505989311]

The negative sign is because the specific heat capacity of water, -4.184 J/(C*g), is the amount of heat energy required for water to decrease in temperature by 1 degree Celsius per gram. When heat is absorbed by water, the temperature increases, resulting in a positive change in energy. When heat is released by water, the temperature decreases, leading to a negative change in energy.