Energy of breaking and forming bonds

[Chem_Mod]

When forming and breaking bonds, do the broken bonds always have a positive value and the forming bonds always have a negative value? Also when talking about standard reaction enthalpies, what is the difference between the standard and one involving a solution? Is it moles? When doing the calculations for energy released = energy absorbed by object, what does the C represent?

[Chem_Mod]

Yes, energy is required to break a bond so delta H is positive. When bond formation gives off energy, delta H is negative. When all reactants and products are in their standard state at 1 atm, reaction enthalpy is called the standard reaction enthalpy, delta H°. The standard state for a gas: 1 atm. For a solution it is 1M at 1atm. An element is at its most stable phase at 1 atm and the temperature is usually around 25°C. C represents heat capacity.